Comparative Study On Agronomic And Quality Traits Between Introduced Spring Wheat Germplasm Resources And Varieties Bred In Heilongjiang Province

To use introduced spring wheat germplasm resources effectively and understand the differences between introduced spring wheat germplasm resources and spring wheat varieties bred in Heilongjiang Province. Wheat varieties bred in Heilongjiang Province and introduced wheat germplasm resources from other provinces were chose as tested materials, and the following aspects such as agronomic and grain quality traits of those materials were compared. Main results were as below:1. Tested materials could be classified into 3 groups by cluster analysis, and among provided wheat materials existed wide genetic diversity. Materials in Group I were introduced germplasm resources which exhibited higher spikelet density, better characteristic of large kernel number, less number of sterile spikelet per ear and other characteristic, and materials in Group II and Group III consisted of varieties bred in Heilongjiang Province and introduced germplasm resources. Among them, materials in Group II exhibited longer length of uppermost internode, higher thousand-grain weight and other characteristic, and materials in Group III exhibited higher yield per plant, higher plant height, longer spike and other characteristic. The average value of coefficient of variation(20.61 %) and genetic diversity index(2.44) of agronomic traits of introduced germplasm resources were higher than those(17.91 % and 1.95) of varieties bred in Heilongjiang Province, which indicated that introduced germplasm resources with higher variation extent and genetic richness could enrich genetic resources of wheat varieties in Heilongjiang Province.2. Average yield per plant, grain number per main spike, grain number per plant, main spike weight, grain weight per main spike and harvest index of varieties bred in Heilongjiang Province after 2000 were higher than those of varieties bred in Heilongjiang Province before 2000. Average plant height and length of uppermost internode of introduced germplasm resources was lower than those of varieties bred in Heilongjiang Province. Average flag leaf length, flag leaf area, thousand-grain weight, and spikelet density of introduced germplasm resources were higher than those of varieties bred in Heilongjiang Province. Besides, introduced germplasm resources had better characteristic of large kernel number, higher grain weight per main spike and higher harvest index. Introduced germplasm resources could be used for the improvement of plant traits and yield traits of wheat varieties in Heilongjiang Province. In high-yield breeding, grain number could be increased by increasing number of total spikelets and effective spikelets, thus spike weight and grain weight could be increased, and finally grain yield could be increased.3. Between varieties bred in Heilongjiang Province before 2000 and after 2000, there was no significant difference in average protein content, starch content, wet gluten content, sedimentation value and bulk density. Average wet gluten content of introduced germplasm resources was higher than that of varieties bred in Heilongjiang Province. Besides, introduced germplasm resources had higher protein content. Therefore, introduced germplasm resources could be used for improvement of quality of wheat varieties in Heilongjiang Province. Between yield per plant and quality existed no significant restricting relation, and those traits had less mutual influence.