| Chinese herbal medicine has the advantages of safety,low toxicity and environmental protection,and has been applied in aquaculture in recent years.Probiotics can purify water quality,prevent disease,promote growth and safety,environmental protection and no resistance in aquaculture,which is an ideal alternative to antibiotics,with important research value and broad application prospects.In this study,we selected four kinds of Chinese herbal medicine,compound probiotics composed of Bacillus,yeast and Lactobacillus,and two live bacillus subtilis particles to study their effects on the growth and immune indexes of giant salamander,in order to provide a theoretical basis for the healthy breeding and disease control of giant salamander.The experimental results are summarized as follows:1.Three-year-old adult salamanders with healthy constitution and body weight of about 500 g were randomly selected and fed with four yellow septic poisons of0.10,0.30 and 0.50% respectively.A blank control group was set up for 180 days.The growth and feeding indexes,blood physiological and biochemical indexes,serum antioxidant enzymes and non-specific immune indexes of salamanders in each group were determined.The results showed that the end of the low-dose group was the end of the salamander.The total bilirubin(TBIL-K),direct bilirubin(DBIL),indirect bilirubin(IBIL),aspartate aminotransferase(AST)and alanine aminotransferase(ALT)in the blood of giant salamander in the three experimental groups were significantly lower than those in the control group(P < 0.05).The activity of catalase(CAT)in serum was significantly higher than that in control group(P < 0.05).The above results showed that feeding with the mixture of tetrahydroxanthin and septic toxin could effectively promote the growth and development of giant salamander,enhance the non-specific immunity and antioxidant activity of giant salamander;2.Two-year-old salamanders with healthy physique and body weight of about100 g were randomly selected and fed with 0.20%,0.40% and 0.60% compound probiotics respectively.The blank control group was set up for 180 days.The growth and feeding indexes,blood physiological and biochemical indexes,serum antioxidant enzymes and non-specific immunity of salamanders in each group were measured.The results showed that the final body weight,average weight gain rate and specific growth rate of giant salamander in the three experimental groups were significantly higher than those in the control group(P < 0.05).The contents of total protein(TP)and albumin(ALB)in the blood of giant salamander in the middle and high dose groups were significantly higher than those in the control group and the low dose groups(P < 0.05).The activity of superoxide dismutase(SOD)in serum of salamander in dose group was significantly higher than that in control group and low dose group(P < 0.05).The results showed that the compound probiotics consisting of Bacillus,yeast and Lactobacillus could not only promote the growth and development of giant salamander,but also promote the absorption and utilization of nutrients in giant salamander,thus enhancing its physique and disease resistance.In addition,it can promote the non-specific immunity of giant salamander;3.Zero-year-old juvenile salamanders with healthy constitution and body weight of about 3 g were randomly selected.During the experiment,0.05%,0.10%and 0.20%Bacillus subtilis particles were used to dissolve water every day for feeding experiment,and blank control group was set up.The growth and feeding index,blood physiological and biochemical index and blood blood biochemical index of salamanders in each group were determined for 180 days.The results showed that the survival rates of control group,low-dose group,middle-dose group and high-dose group were 83.33,91.66,100.00 and 100.00% respectively,and the total protein(TP)and albumin(ALB)contents in blood of giant salamander in the three experimental groups were significantly higher than those in the control group(P < 0.05).The contents of total bilirubin(TBIL-K),direct bilirubin(DBIL),indirect bilirubin(IBIL),aspartate aminotransferase(AST),alanine aminotransferase(ALT)and alkaline acid phosphatase(ALP)in blood of giant salamander in group A were significantly lower than those in control group(P < 0.05);the levels of acid phosphatase(ACP)and super-acid phosphatase(ACP)in serum of medium-dose group and high-dose group were significantly lower than those in control group.The levels of SOD were significantly higher than those of low dose and control groups(P < 0.05);the levels of catalase(CAT)in serum of giant salamander in three experimental groups were significantly higher than those of control group.The above results showed that feeding juvenile salamanders with Bacillus subtilis binary living bacteria granules in water solution could not only improve their nutritional level and growth performance,but also enhance their antioxidant enzymes and non-specific immune activities,and reduce the risk of liver damage,thus effectively enhance their disease resistance and survival rate.In conclusion,Chinese herbal medicine Sihuangbaidu,compound probiotics composed of Bacillus,yeast and Lactobacillus,and Bacillus subtilis combined viable granules can play a positive role in promoting the growth performance and immune activity of cultured giant salamander. |
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