| Chinese herbal medicine preparation can not only promote the growth of livestock and poultry,but also enhance the body immunity,and prevent diseases.Since antibiotics are completely banned in feed,"green route" is the inevitable trend of the development of livestock and poultry breeding industry,Chinese herbal medicine additives are more widely used in animal production,so the application research of compound Chinese herbal medicine preparation has important academic value and broad market prospects.In this study,Codonopsis pilosula,Astragalus membranaceus,Foilum isatidis,Radix isatidis and other 13 kinds of herbal decoction pieces were mixed to prepare compound Chinese herbal preparations.The research object was Tianfu sheldrake.The main experiments were as follows: 120 Tianfu sheldrake were randomly divided into 4experimental groups with 5 replicates in each group and 6 Tianfu sheldrake in each replicate.Group Ⅰ as control group,the sheldrake were fed based diet,Group Ⅱ,Ⅲ,Ⅳadded 0.5%,1% and 1.5% respectively doses of compound Chinese herbal medicine preparation,all of sheldrakes were pre-feeding 7 d.The trial was conducted for 20 d.The growth performance index(ADFI,ADG,F/G),immune organ index,serum immune index(Ig A,Ig G,Ig M,C3,C4,IL-2,IL-4,IL-6,IFN-γ),intestinal mucosal immune index(SIg A,IL-2,IFN-γ),serum oxidation and anti-oxidation index(T-AOC,SOD,GSH-Px,MDA)and changes in the gut microbiota of sheldrakes in four experimental groups were determined.The experimental results are as follows:1.Effect on growth performance.There was no significant difference in average daily feed intake(ADFI)among the four experimental groups(P>0.05).0 to 10 day in test,there was no significant difference in average daily gain(ADG)among all groups(P>0.05),group Ⅳ compared with control group can significantly reduce the ratio of feed to gain(F/G)conversion(P<0.01).10 to 20 day in test,group Ⅱ and the control group of ADG,F/G have no significant difference(P>0.05),group Ⅲ,Ⅳ compared with the control group can significantly increase the ADG and reduce F/G(P<0.01).2.Effect on immune organ index.The thymus index of group Ⅱ,Ⅲ,Ⅳ were higher than that of control group,there were significant differences between group Ⅲ and group Ⅳcompared with control group(P<0.05).Spleen index in group Ⅱ,Ⅲ,Ⅳ were higher than control group,group Ⅱ,Ⅲ and the control group there was no significant difference(P>0.05),group Ⅳ was significantly higher than the control group(P<0.01).There was no significant difference in bursa of fabricius index among all groups(P<0.05).3.Effect on serum immune indexes.On day 10 and 20,the C3 and C4 contents in groupⅡ,Ⅲ,Ⅳ were elevated compared with control group,the C3 and C4 contents in group Ⅳwere significantly higher than control group(P<0.01).The Ig A,Ig M contents in group Ⅲ,Ⅳ were significantly higher than control group(P<0.01),the contents of Ig G in group Ⅳwere significantly higher than control group(P<0.05).Group Ⅱ,Ⅲ,Ⅳ compared with the control group,the contents of IL-2,IL-4,IL-6 and IFN-γ were characterized by rising trend,the contents difference of IL-2 and IL-6 in all groups was not significant(P>0.05).On day10,the contents of IL-4 in group Ⅲ was significantly higher than control group(P<0.05),group Ⅳ significantly higher than control group(P<0.01),On day 20,the contents of IL-4in group Ⅲ,Ⅳ were significantly higher than control group(P<0.01).The contents of IFN-γ in group Ⅲ,Ⅳ on day 10 and 20 were significantly higher than control group(P<0.05).4.Effect on intestinal mucosal immune indexes.Compared with the control group,the contents of IL-2 in group Ⅲ,Ⅳ were significantly increased in the duodenum and jejunum mucosa(P<0.01),the contents of IL-2 in group Ⅲ in the jejunum mucosa were significantly increased(P<0.05),the contents of IL-2 in group Ⅱ,Ⅲ,Ⅳ in the ileum mucosa were higher,but no significant difference(P>0.05),the contents of IFN-γ in groupⅢ in the ileum mucosa were significantly increased(P<0.01),the contents of IFN-γ in group Ⅳ in the mucosa of the duodenum,jejunum and ileum were significantly increased(P<0.01),the contents of SIg A in group Ⅲ in the duodenum and jejunum mucosa were significantly increased(P<0.05),the contents of SIg A in group Ⅳ in the duodenum and jejunum mucosa were significantly increased(P<0.01),the contents of SIg A in group Ⅱ in the ileum mucosa were significantly increased(P<0.05)and group Ⅲ,Ⅳ also significantly increased(P<0.01).5.Effect on oxidation and antioxidant indexes.On day 10,compared with the control group,the activity of T-AOC and SOD in group Ⅲ was significantly increased(P<0.05),and in group Ⅳ was significantly increased(P<0.01),the activity of GSH-Px in group Ⅲ,Ⅳ was significantly increased and the contents of MDA significantly were lower(P<0.01).On day 20,compared with the control group,the activity of T-AOC in group Ⅳ was significantly increased(P<0.05),the activity of SOD in group Ⅳ was significantly increased(P<0.01),the activity of GSH-Px in group Ⅲ,Ⅳ was significantly increased(P<0.01),the content of MDA in group Ⅲ were decreased significantly(P<0.05),the contents of MDA in group Ⅳ were significantly reduced(P<0.01).6.Effect on the intestinal flora.The microbial community diversity in control group was significantly higher than group Ⅱ,Ⅳ(P<0.05).At the classification level of the door,the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes in group Ⅳ was significantly higher than control group(P<0.05),and the proportions of Firmicutes and Actinobacteria were reduced.At the taxonomic level of the genus,compound Chinese herbal medicine preparation can obviously increase the proportion of Bacteroides,reduce the proportion of Alistipes and Bilophila.In conclusion,adding compound Chinese herbal preparations in the diet can promote the growth performance of Tianfu sheldrake,enhance the immune function of the body,raise the antioxidant level,and improve the structure of intestinal microflora,adding 1.5%compound Chinese herbal preparations has the best effect. |
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