Study On Adaptability Of Broccoli Cultivars In Northwest Hebei Province

With people’s attention to health,broccoli has gradually entered people’s vision because of its high nutritional value,good taste and anticancer effect.This paper is based on the project of’National Key Joint Scientific Research of broccoli Variety’Taking the‘Naihanyouxiu’of the main varieties in northwest Hebei as the control,30 experimental varieties were selected and planted in the test site of Zhangbei Xishungou Zhangjiakou,Hebei Province.Through the analysis of different varieties of broccoli seedling stage,rosette stage,budding stage,mature agronomic traits,flower morphology,yield and other indicators,the agronomic traits,flower ball morphology and yield of different varieties of broccoli at seedling stage,rosette stage,budding stage and mature stage were analyzed.Variance analysis,cluster analysis,k-means cluster analysis,path analysis and principal component analysis were used to compare the varieties of broccoli from various angles.Experimental results showed that:（1）The results showed that all the 31 broccoli varieties could adapt in xishugou experimental field of Zhangbei,Zhangjiakou,and it took 86-102days from sowing to harvest,which could meet the requirements of growth period.Zheqing 003 was the earliest to harvest,which lasted 86 days from sowing,and was 4 days earlier than that of‘Naihanyouxiu’.The growth period of five broccoli varieties Kr2019-1,Zheqing 60,19BS1 and 18174was 1-2 days earlier than that of‘Naihanyouxiu’.（2）The varieties with good overall growth at different growth stages were:‘Su7’,‘Su1’,‘19BS1’,‘KR2019-1’and‘KR2019-5’at seedling stage;The rosette stage were‘Su1’and‘KR2019-3’;The budding stage was‘Zheqing003’and‘Zheqing040’,while the mature stage was‘HB09’and‘B631’.（3）In terms of flower morphology and yield at mature stage,‘Naihanyouxiu’flower balls were the largest,and‘Su1’,‘KR2019-5’and‘B631’were similar to‘Naihanyouxiu’yield;The varieties with compact texture,smooth surface,fine texture,no hollow and no pod leaves were‘Su1’,‘B553’,‘Zheqing003’,‘B631’,‘N5012’and‘HB12’.（4）According to the analysis of the nutritional indexes of the flower balls,there were 12‘Naihanyouxiu’varieties with nutritional components not lower than（nitrate not higher than）the control:‘Zheqing60’,‘W5’,‘Su10’,‘N5007’,‘K1554A’,‘N5012’,‘XYQ1806’,‘Su1’,‘XYQ1807’,‘XYQ1803’,‘19BS1’and‘KR2019-1’.（5）Correlation analysis between Agronomic Traits and yield of different broccoli varieties at different growth stages showed that there was no significant correlation between Agronomic Traits and yield at rosette stage,but significant positive correlation between plant height and yield at budding stage and mature stage.（6）Cluster analysis method was used to classify the chlorophyll content of the flower balls into five categories.The chlorophyll content of most varieties was 0.097 mg/g–0.166mg/g.The flower balls with high chlorophyll content were mostly dark green and gray green.When the chlorophyll a content was high,the flower balls were blue-green.When the chlorophyll b content was high,the flower balls were yellow-green.The total chlorophyll content of‘HB13’was significantly higher than that of other varieties and the color of the flower ball was gray-green.（7）Multiple stepwise regression analysis of broccoli yield and agronomic and quality traits obtained regression equation:Y=-0.3518+0.6554X6 _{total chlorophyll}+0.0066X7 _development+0.0042X8 _{plant height}+0.0070X9 _{leaf length}-0.0157X10 _{leaf width}（R=0.6616,P<0.05）.Path analysis showed that leaf width（-0.6704）had the highest direct effect on yield,followed by development degree（0.5746）and leaf length（0.4267）.Leaf width was negatively correlated with yield,and other indicators were positively correlated.（8）Using principal component analysis,the highest comprehensive score of broccoli varieties was‘Su1’,followed by‘Naihanyouxiu’,‘KR2019-5’,‘XYQ1803’and’HB13’.（9）K-means clustering was divided into 5 groups,group 1 plants erect,high pick;Cluster 2 has more outer leaves and higher vitamin C content;Cluster 3 protein content high,leaf width;Cluster 4 flower balls larger;Cluster 5 had high contents of soluble sugar and dry matter.Combined with growth period,yield,comprehensive score and other factors,it could be seen that‘Naihanyouxiu’still has great competitiveness in the local.After comprehensive evaluation,it was found that Su1 was superior to‘Naihanyouxiu’in general.