Study On Efficient Management Technology Of Water And Fertilizer Integration Of Jujube In Sandy Soil Of Kunyu City

Xinjiang has the largest planting area of jujube in China,with an annual output of more than 3.7million tons,accounting for more than 51%.Jujube is one of the pillar industries for increasing farmers’income in southern Xinjiang.During the production,the fruit growers applied a large amount of chemical fertilizer based on their experience,which led to the rise of production cost of jujube and the aggravation of environmental pollution.At the same time,it led to the imbalance of nutrient proportion of jujube trees and the instability of yield and quality,which significantly affected the stability of income of jujube growers.In this study,Jun jujube was used as experimental materials in 224 regiment of Kunyu City,Hetian city from2019 to 2020.Through tracking and detecting the nutrient dynamics of high-yield and high-quality jujube orchards managed by experienced jujube growers,the nutritional characteristics of jujube trees based on jujube head nutrition detection under the conditions of healthy growth,high yield and high quality were explored;By using DRIS（diagnosis and Recommendation Integrated System）combined with probability classification method,the effects of different fertilization and nutrition management schemes on jujube yield and quality were studied,and the jujube nutrition diagnosis system based on rapid measurement technology of jujube head nutrient elements was established,and the optimized fertilization schemes were screened,so as to provide basis for scientific fertilization and efficient production of jujube.The main results are as followsDescription of soil fertility of jujube orchard.Before the construction of jujube orchard,the basic soil was typical arid desert wind-sand soil.After nine years of cultivation,the 0-15cm surface layer of the soil has a certain fertility foundation,but the content of available nutrients phosphorus and potassium is still very low below 15cm layer.The average values in 0-15cm surface layer soil profile are 8.2 of p H,2.2ms/cm of electrical conductivity,1.8g/kg organic matter,24.5mg/kg,of alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen,15mg/kg of available phosphorus（P₂O₅）,118mg/kg of available potassium（K₂O）.And the value of trace elements such as copper,zinc and iron is very low or not detected.Therefore,the overall fertility of jujube orchard is very low,so nitrogen（N）,phosphorus（P）and potassium（K）are supplied through fertigation with drip irrigation,and trace elements such as boron（B）,zinc（Zn）,copper（Cu）,manganese（Mn）and iron（Fe）are supplemented by foliage spray.2.The variation characteristics of N,P and K content in jujube head were studied.Jujube tree body（jujube head）for high yield of local nutritional status of tracking survey found that as the process to promote Chinese jujube,sand young jun jujube jujube head of nitrogen（N）,phosphorus（P）,potassium（K）content change rule for the whole,N,P,first,the change rule of reduce increased again after the fruit enlargement period reached a peak of 1700 mg/L and 420 mg/L;The variation trend of K content was a"bimodal"model in which the content first increased,then decreased and then increased,and the maximum value of K content was 10200mg/L.The absorption of nitrogen in the early growth stage and potassium in the late growth stage of jujube is more.3.A probabilistic classification nutrient diagnosis system based on the speed measurement technology of jujube head was established.With the jujube head growing for 3-5 days and living in the upper part of the tree crown as the measured material,the active ion monitoring method of fresh tissue juice was used to study and find that under the condition of healthy growth,stable yield and good quality,the nitrate nitrogen content of jujube head in four growth stages of jujube tree were 590-720 mg/L,1550-1600 mg/L,920-1100mg/L and 910-970 mg/L,respectively,at the initial flowering stage,the full flowering stage,the young fruit stage and the fruit expansion stage.Inorganic phosphorus content was 270-280 mg/L,120-130 mg/L,170-210 mg/L,250-330 mg/L,respectively;The contents of potassium ions were 6200-7320 mg/L,9200-9600 mg/L,6610-7000 mg/L and 4000-5600 mg/L,respectively.4.The diagnostic index of DRIS in jujube head was put forward.Under the condition of healthy growth,stable yield and good quality of jujube,the suitable range and ratio of N,P and K by DRIS nutrition diagnostic graphic method were as follows:N/P 4.173-4.593,K/N 7.072-7.162,P/K 0.112-0.176;According to the results of DRIS diagnostic graphic analysis,the order of fertilizer requirement of Junzao low-yield field was K>N>P.5.The optimized fertilization scheme of desert aeolian sand soil in Kunyu city was determined.According to the effect comparison test of fertilization schemes,the results showed that under the condition of sandy soil in Kunyu City,the total amount of fertilization was 1027 kg/hm2,the ratio of N:P:K was1.6:1.5:1,and the trace elements were sprayed to meet the demand,the yield and quality were the best.