The Conservation Effectiveness Of Heilongjiang Laoyeling Siberian Tiger National Nature Reserve

Nature Reserve is one of most effective way to protect biodiversity and endangered species.The conservation effectiveness(CE)research can show the protection trend of nature reserve,and the results are important reference to the management and conservation plan of nature reserve in the future.Based on the indicators of land use,landscape and tiger available habitats in the nature reserve from 1999 to 2019,we studied the conservation effectiveness of Laoyeling National Nature Reserve(Laoyeling)in Heilongjiang province.The major results of our research are as below:1.The dynamic degree index and transfer matrix model were used to analyze the land use change in the nature reserve.Our research showed that: Forest is the major land cover type in Laoyeling,and covered by 95%.286.23km2 of Laoyeling were transferred in 1999-2019,and the coniferous and broadleaf forest were changed to broadleaf forest as the most transformation type in this period.Comparing with 1999-2009,the forest area was increased(D=0.01%),and decreasing in the farmland(D=-0.29%)and settlements(D=-0.75%)in 2009-2019.A steady trend of land use was showed after the establishment of Laoyeling,and the well conservation effectiveness was reached in the term of land use of Laoyeling.2.Landscape index,such as the patch number and Shannon’s diversity were used to show the protection effectiveness of Laoyeling.Our research showed a fragmentation trend(NP increased by11.53%,and SHDI by 8.06%)in nature reserve from 1999 to 2019,but increasing integration(COHESION increased by 0.01%).Relative to the 1999-2009,an more integration trend was showed,with the NP decreasing by 11.19%(increasing 25.59% in 1999-2009),and SHDI decreasing by 7.59%(0.51% in 1999-2009).The successional trend of landscape pattern was more sustainable,and the nature reserve have the acceleration to improve the landscape restoration.3.The available habitats of Siberian tiger in Laoyeling were mapped by the Maxent.Our research show that 337.61km2 is the available habitats for tiger in 2019,covered by 47.36% and located in the southeast of nature reserve.A trend of decreasing and then increasing was also showed in 1999-2019.Comparing with 1999-2009,the tiger unavailable habitat of Siberian tiger was reduced by 204.13km2,and 55.64 km2(increased by 1589.48%)of the most available habitat was increased,and the establishment of nature reserve could improve the protection of tiger habitat.4.The integrate the indictors of land use,landscape index and available habitat of Siberian tiger through Analytic Hierarchy Process were used to study the conservation effectiveness of Laoyeling.Our research showed the low CE was the major achievement in nature reserve,covered by 60% of nature reserve,and then is the middle CE(32%).In 1999-2009,before the establishment of Laoyeling,the decreasing CE trend with increased by 51.05% in low CE and decreased by 54%in middle CE was showed.The positive increasing trend with increased by 33.33% in high CE and39.13 in middle was also achieved in the 2009-2019,the period with the management of nature reserve.In addition,the high CE was increased by 166.67% in 1999-2019,those results showed the nature reserve played an important role in the achievement of conservation effectiveness.