Analysis Of The Status Quo And Benefits Of Beef Cattle Industry In Southwest China

With the improvement in living standards and the diet of our residents,the beef cattle industry continues to develop and has become a pillar industry of China’s agriculture.As one of the four major beef cattle production areas in China,the southwest region boast a large quantity of inventory and slaughter.This topic aims to provide a reference for policy development,management,technology and promotion of beef cattle industry development by studying the current situation and benefits of the beef cattle industry in Southwest China.This project analyzes the development of the beef cattle industry in the southwest region through relevant literature;from June 2019 to February 2020,103 beef cattle farms(households)of different sizes in 13 cities(counties)of Sichuan,Yunnan,Guizhou and Chongqing were investigated and analyzed in three aspects: beef cattle breeding,management and existing problems;after the standardized treatment of the input and output indicators,Data Envelopment Analysis(DEA)is adopted to analyze the influencing factors of the culture benefit and the obtained main results are as follows.(1)The southwest region has a large number of beef cattle in stock,accounting for about 1/4 of the national inventory;the slaughter volume continues to rise,accounting for about 1/5 of the national slaughter volume;in the past ten years(2008-2018),the increasing rate of the annual volume of slaughter and meat production of beef cattle ranked first among the four major beef cattle production areas in China;in 2018,the total number of fertile cattle in stock in Sichuan and Yunnan was 3.6711 million,Proportion of cows capable of breeding in some areas(Deyang 49.63%,Xuanhan65.77%,Chuxiong 57.59%)higher than the national average(45%);the available natural grassland area in the southwest region accounts for 25.64% of the total land area,Resources rich of distiller’s grains,and the local beef cattle breeds are rich in resources.And there are some problems in the beef cattle industry in the southwest region,such as low slaughter rate,low degree of organization and mixed breeds.Overall,it shows that the beef cattle industry in the southwest region has a solid foundation with great potential for development,and the key goals in the future is to enhance organizational management and promote technological application.(2)According to the investigation and research,the beef cattle production in the southwest region is dominated by family operations,and the benefit is inversely proportional to the number of fertile cattle.The profit of fattening cattle in 2019 is 3593 yuan per head,and the slaughter price is 14%-20% higher than that in 2018;82.85% of the cattle farms use distiller’s grains,83.48% of them grow Pennisetum sinese Roxb,and 50.08% of them TMR;62.15% of the cattle farms have fertile cattle,artificial insemination(AI)is mainly performed by off-site technicians(68.32%)and the ratio of behavior observation as the basis for mating is 78.92%;the drylot feeding is 81.30%,the Vacancy rate of cattle farms is 27.98%,the proportion of labor-based treatment of feces is 92.28%,and 24.40% of cattle farms are not equipped with veterinary rooms and disinfection pools;there are 90.95%,66.14%,and 41.55% of farms with Simmental,Angus,and local cattle,respectively,Angus crossbred cattle,and native yellow cattle respectively.Overall,it shows that the production benefit of beef cattle in the southwest region has been continuously improved which plays an important role in increasing farmers’ income;based on barn feeding,breeding is integrated with planting,and the technology of feeding management has been enhanced;but there are such problems as insufficient cattle sources,inadequate supporting facilities,mixed breeds,disease prevention and control,low breeding efficiency of cows and low culture benefit.(3)DEA model analysis shows that in 2019,the pure technical efficiency of cattle farms in the southwest region declined overall as the scale increased,and the pure technical efficiency of "infrastructure input and output" was lower than that of1999-2014,"operating input and output" The pure technical efficiency is higher than that of 1999-2014;10-49 and 50-99 heads have a higher proportion of increasing returns,56.52% and 81.82% respectively,and 100-199 heads and 200-499 heads of cattle with constant scale returns The proportion of farms is higher,52.17% and54.55%),and the proportion of farms with 500 or more diminishing returns is higher(61.54% espectively;the overall slack variable of “infrastructure input and output” of farms that do not reach the best production efficiency More than "operational input and output",the dairy farms at the forefront of production achieve effective cost control by breeding capable cows and purchasing rack cattle.Therefore,cattle farms in the southwestern region should expand the breeding scale of less than 100 heads,stabilize the breeding scale of 100-500 heads,and improve the management capacity and technical level of the monomer scale farms with more than 500 heads.It shows that the infrastructure of cattle farms in Southwest China is generally redundant,standardized breeding can improve resource utilization,and breeding cows can play an important role in reducing market impact.Therefore,my suggestions are as follows.(1)Relevant policies:We should enhance the policy support for cow breeding and promote subsidies on improved breeds,pay attention to the improvement in grass hills and slopes and develop grassland grazing,expand the pilot scale of “replacing grain with forage" and guarantee forage supply,increase investment in infrastructure and equipment,develop intelligent husbandry,promote the trading of cattle cattle electronic markets and strengthen the supervision of cattle flow.(2)Operation level :Pay attention to the standardization of cattle farms,explore and develop innovative business models;enhance social capital accumulation through multiple channels and enhance production management capabilities.(3)Technology aspects:We should advance the breeding technology,further standardize the barn construction,and improve the resource utilization technology of unconventional fodder,the diversity and pertinence of diet formulas,as well as the precision level of feeding.Improve the technology of harmless treatment and resource utilization of manure,improve the standardization level of pens;improve the prevention and control technology of epidemic diseases,scientific medicine technology,and improve the treatment method of sick and dead cattle.