| ZEA is mainly from moldy corn.It is a toxin produced by Fusarium fungi with estrogenlike effect,also known as F-2 toxin,In the process of breeding and production,due to the improper management of feed by breeding farms or feed factories,coupled with the humid weather,providing conditions for feed mildew,resulting the content of ZEA in the feed was exceeded the standard,this phenomenon was widely found all over the world.Among all animals,pigs were the most sensitive to ZEA.ZEA is mainly manifested as estrogen-like effect,so the research on ZEA was mainly biased towards the reproductive system of pigs,while there were relatively few studies on the liver and gallbladder damage in pigs.Therefore,this subject research first investigates the ZEA content in different feed raw materials of two feed factories in Shandong Province,obtain data on the current status of ZEA content in feed raw materials,and then in ZEA research on the liver of weaned piglets.Part I: Investigation of ZEA content in feed raw materials in two feed plants in Shandong provinceWe collected 621 samples of corn and its byproducts,127 samples of wheat and its byproducts,34 samples of other plant-based feed products,the total samples were 782 and from two feed plants in Shandong Province.By analyzing ZEA content,obtain ZEA in feed raw material data,the result displayed: The feed raw materials tested in the two plants in Shandong province generally contain ZEA,the detection rate is high,but the over standard rate was low,in corn,the over standard rate of ZEA was only 1.41%,and the over standard rate of ZEA in wheat was only 5.71%,moreover,excessive ZEA was not detected in the feed in the piglets trough.Part II: Hepatotoxicity of different concentration zearalenone in pigletsThe study selection 35 d old,mean weight was 12.39 ± 0.24 kg（initial weight difference was not significant,P > 0.05）healthy ternary（Dollock×Changbai×Yorkshire）hybrid weaned female of 24 piglets,randomized into three groups（n = 8）,The control group was fed a basal diet,without adding ZEA（0 mg/kg ZEA）.The treatment group added 0.15mg/kg ZEA and 1.5 mg/kg ZEA to the basic diet.Adaptation period of 3 d,pre-test period of7 d,test period of 32 d.Samples of piglets’ liver and gallbladder were collected after the trial,and the blood was collected at 16 d and 32 d,for the further analysis.Liver is the largest detoxification organ in pigs,the hepatotoxicity results of ZEA in piglets show that ZEA can lead to an increase in liver weight and liver organ index,a linear increase of ZEA,α-ZOL and β-ZOL in liver tissue,and the largest residue of α-ZOL in liver tissue,greater than β-ZOL than ZEA.And with the increase of ZEA content,the inflammatory injury occurred in the histological structure of the liver and gallbladder in weaned piglets,with the increase of ZEA content will observe the liver with liver lobular branch incomplete,lymphocyte infiltration,hepatocyte enlargement,liver ocyte granule degeneration,serious blister degeneration,even have necrosis area,liver cell rupture,cell nucleus lysis.Liver sinus stenosis,enlarged area of single liver lobules,liver lobules connective tissue hyperplasia,possibly portal cirrhosis,and liver congestion occurred in the ZEA1.5 treated group.The gallbladder found increased inflammatory cells,wrinkled epithelium destruction,epithelial cells shed,and reduced wrinkled branches,shorter and thicker.The inflammatory factors IL-1β,IL-6,TNF-α increased in liver with ZEA content,and IL-1β,IL-6,TNF-α in liver mainly around the central vein,hepatic interlobular connective tissue,especially around the portal area,IL-1β,IL-6,and TNF-α are mainly distributed in the gallbladder wrinkle.And as the ZEA content increases,serum enzymes,and serum metabolites also showed significant changes,The test results of serum enzymes AST,ALT,ALP,CK and LDH at 16 days and 32 days showed that increased as the concentration of ZEA increased,the serum metabolites ALB,UREA,TG,TCHO,HDL,and LDL at 16 days showed that: UREA and TG increased with the increase of ZEA concentration,HDL,LDL decreased with the increasing concentration of ZEA,at 32 days,the results showed that UREA,TG,LDL,and TCHO increased with the increasing of ZEA concentration,ALB and HDL decreased with the concentration of ZEA.Conclusion:（1）The feed raw materials of the two feed factories in Shandong province generally contain ZEA,but basically do not exceed the standard and the exceeding rate is low.In the mainstream feed raw materials,the corn exceeding rate is only 1.41%,and the wheat exceeding rate is only 5.71%.The feed ZEA in the piglets feed tank does not exceed the standard in June and July.（2）ZEA will increase the liver weight and liver organ index,in the liver,α-ZOL is the main residue,liver inflammatory reaction or cell necrosis,and gallbladder tissue will also undergo inflammatory changes,significantly upregulate IL-1β,IL-6,TNF-αexpression in the liver and gallbladder,caused the serum of weaned piglets increased in AST,ALT,ALP,CK,LDH,UREA and TG,and ALB and HDL were decreased. |
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