Dietary Patterns And Sarcopenia In Elderly Adults:the TCLSIH Cohort Study

Aims: Sarcopenia is a core contributor to several health consequences including falls,fractures,physical limitations,and disability.The proper diet may counteract some pathophysiological processes of sarcopenia to delay the onset of sarcopenia.Dietary pattern analysis was regarded as a whole diet approach to investigate the relationship between diet and sarcopenia and limited data are available in China.The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between dietary patterns and sarcopenia in a Chinese elderly population.Methods: Participants in this cross-sectional study were recruited from the Tianjin Chronic Low-grade Systemic Inflammation and Health Cohort Study.The study population comprised 2,423 participants.The sociodemographic variables including age,sex,educational level,employment status,marital status and household income,health behaviors including physical activity,smoking status,and drinking status were collected using a standardized health-related questionnaire.Physical examination included body height and weight.Depressive symptoms were evaluated by the Chinese version of the Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale.Sarcopenia was defined based on the guidelines of the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia.Muscle mass was assessed using Direct Segmental Multi-Frequency Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis.Handgrip strength(kg)was measured using an adjustable hydraulic hand-held dynamometer.Muscle performance was assessed by gait speed over a distance of 4 m.Dietary data were collected using a food-frequency questionnaire.Three dietary patterns were derived by factor analysis: fruit and sweet pattern,traditional oriental pattern,and animal food pattern.Statistical analyses were performed using the Statistical Analysis System 9.3 edition for Windows.Analysis of covariance for continuous variables and logistic regression analysis for proportional variables were used to compare differences in baseline characteristics.The association between quartile categories of dietary pattern scores and the presence of sarcopenia was analyzed using multiple logistic regression models.Odds ratios(ORs)and 95% confidence interval(CIs)were calculated.Results: The prevalence of sarcopenia was 16.1%.After adjusting for age,sex,and BM,physical activity,smoking status,drinking status,individual history of diseases(coronary heart disease,stroke,cancer,diabetes,hypertension,and hyperlipidemia),total energy intake,depressive symptoms,household income,marital status,educational level,employment status and scores of the other two dietary patterns,compared with the lowest quartile,the adjusted OR(95% CI)of sarcopenia for the highest quintile of Fruit and sweet pattern score,Traditional oriental pattern score and Animal food pattern score were 1.06(0.74,1.50),0.54(0.34,0.86),and 0.50(0.33,0.74),(P for trend were 0.87,<0.01,and <0.001),respectively;compared with the lowest quartile,the adjusted OR(95% CI)of low muscle mass for the highest quintile of Fruit and sweet pattern score,Traditional oriental pattern score and Animal food pattern score were 0.88(0.68,1.13),0.84(0.61,1.18),and 0.64(0.48,0.85)(P for trend were 0.15,0.26,and <0.01),respectively;compared with the lowest quartile,the adjusted OR(95% CI)of low grip strength for the highest quintile of Fruit and sweet pattern score,Traditional oriental pattern score and Animal food pattern score were1.12(0.87,1.44),0.52(0.37,0.72),and 0.71(0.54,0.94),(P for trend were 0.35,<0.0001,and 0.01),respectively;compared with the lowest quartile,the adjusted OR(95% CI)of low gait speed for the highest quintile of Fruit and sweet pattern score,Traditional oriental pattern score and Animal food pattern score were 1.33(1.00,1.77),0.57(0.39,0.82),and 0.61(0.45,0.84)(P for trend were 0.04,<0.01 and <0.01),respectively.Conclusions: The current study found that the traditional oriental pattern and animal food pattern has a protective relation for sarcopenia in elderly adults,which suggests its potential to attenuate or prevent the progression of sarcopenia.Further studies are required to clarify these findings.