| Objective:Through analyzing the results of occupational health examination of workers in a certain enterprise in Shandong Province,the occupational health inspection of employees in the enterprise is understood,and the hidden dangers and occupational health problems existing in the enterprise are analyzed and evaluated.It provides theoretical basis for the enterprise and relevant departments to take effective measures to prevent and control occupational disease hazards.Methods:By using the method of retrospective investigation,the data of occupational health examination of a machining enterprise in Shandong Province from May 2019 to may 2020 were collected for classification and sorting.Analyze occupational hazard factors and physical examination of employees,IBM SPSS 24.0 statistical software was used for analysis,X~2 was used for comparison between groups,The results were analyzed by (?)±S or absolute value and relative number,,P<0.05 was statistically significant.Results:1.Detection results of occupational hazardsThe detection of occupational hazard factors in all departments did not exceed the limit value.But,the welding parts manufacturing department,parts manufacturing department,new product development department and mixing workshop were exposed to noise for 8h,and the equivalent continuous a sound level exceeded 80 d B.2.Basic situation of physical examination of employees in an enterprise in Shandong ProvinceThere were 1003 people in this occupational health examination,including 930 men and 73 women.The average age was 36.19±8 years old,which were age ≤25years old group(4.9%),26-years old group(45.1%),36-years old group(34.9%),46-years old group(13.9%)and≥55 years old group(1.3%).The average length of service was 4.2 ± 52 years,of which the group with less than 1 year of service accounted for 6.2%,the group with 1-year service accounted for 4.5%,the group with 2-year service accounted for 9.7%,the group with 3-year service accounted for2.6%,and ≥4 years service accounted for 77.1%.3.The situation of workers in different departments and types of work in an enterprise in Shandong ProvinceThey are weldment manufacturing department(23.6%),general assembly department(8.5%),parts manufacturing department(3.7%),new product DR department(4.3%)and Mixing Workshop(59.9%);16 kinds of operators were involved,including welders(33.4%),maintenance workers(8.8%),lathe workers(6.6%),blocking workers(6.5%),painting workers(6.5%),powder workers(6.1%),seasoning workers(4.6%),granulation workers(4.0%),milling workers(3.8%),electricians(3.4%),cutting workers(3.3%),sanding workers(2.7%),drilling workers(2.5%),rubber brushing workers(1.4%),management personnel(1.4%),other types of work(5.2%).4.The situation of workers exposed to occupational hazards in an enterprise in Shandong ProvinceThe occupational hazards of workers in the enterprise are mainly divided into five categories,which are dust,benzene and its compounds,manganese and its compounds,formaldehyde and other chemical hazards,noise,laser radiation,power frequency magnetic field and other physical hazards,metal dust and other factors.The constituent ratios are 16.8%,8.2%,17.9% and 0.6% respectively,and the mixed hazards account for 56.5%.The mixed hazard factors include welding fume,manganese and its compounds,dust and noise,and the constituent ratios of the two kinds of mixed hazard factors respectively are 70.2% and 29.8%.5.Occupational health examination results of an enterprise in Shandong ProvinceThere were 50 people who had occupational health examination before taking up their posts,and the normal rate was 56.0%.The detection rate of other diseases or abnormalities was 44.0%,and no occupational contraindications and suspected occupational diseases were detected.During the period of on-the-job occupational health examination 953 people,the normal rate was 51.9%,other diseases or abnormal detection rate was 46.9%.The detection rate of occupational contraindications was 0.7%,and the detection rate of suspected occupational diseases was 0.5%.There were 472 employees in this occupational health examination,the normal rate was 53.8%,and the detection rate of other diseases or abnormalities was 44.9%.The detection rate of occupational contraindications was 1.1%,and the detection rate of suspected occupational diseases was 0.2%.531 people from other provinces,the normal rate was 50.7%,and the detection rate of other diseases or abnormalities was48.2%.The detection rate of occupational contraindications was 0.4%,and the detection rate of suspected occupational diseases was 0.8%.6.Detection of target diseases among employees of an enterprise in Shandong ProvinceThere were 12 cases of target diseases detected in occupational health examination.Among them,the detection rate of target diseases among employees exposed to chemical hazard,physical hazard factor and mixed hazard factor was 6.1%,2.8% and 0.4%,respectively,the difference was significant.Among them,the detection rate of target diseases of employees exposed to chemical hazards is higher,and the other contact persons of various hazard factors have not detected the target diseases.The detection rate of target diseases among different workers was statistically significant(P<0.05).The detection rate of target diseases in painting,glue brushing and electrician was higher,and the detection rate respectively was 4.6%,14.3% and 14.7%.7.Health examination of employees in an enterprise in Shandong ProvinceThe abnormal detection rate of B-ultrasound was 1.6%,2.2%,0%,11.5% and3.8% respectively in different working age groups.The abnormal detection rate of blood routine was 1.6%,8.9%,9.3%,15.4% and 5.1% respectively.The abnormal detection rate of blood pressure was 27.4%,17.8%,22.7%,46.2% and 32.5%respectively.The detection rate of anemia was 6.5%,2.2%,14.4%,0% and 5.6%respectively.The detection rates of B-ultrasound,blood routine and blood pressure were42.9%,21.4% and 42.9% respectively.Welder was the type of work with the highest detection rates of liver function and blood biochemical abnormalities,with the detection rates of 7.2% and 7.2% respectively.The type of work with the highest detection rate of anemia was car stopper,with the detection rate of 46.2%.The abnormal detection rates of B-ultrasound,liver function and blood biochemistry of the employees in the parts manufacturing department were higher than those in other departments,and the detection rates were 27.0%,8.1% and 8.1%respectively.The detection rate of anemia index abnormality was the highest in the mixed workshop,the detection rate was 9.3%.Conclusions:1.The results of the occupational health examination show that the enterprise mainly carries out the occupational health examination during the on-the-job period.2.The main occupational hazards are chemical hazards,physical hazards and mixed hazards.3.The target disease detection rate of the enterprise is related to hazard factors and types of work.The target disease detection rate of electrician,spray painting and glue brushing is higher.The target disease detection rate of workers exposed to chemical occupational hazards is higher.The target disease detection rate of workers in mixed workshop is higher than that of other departments.detection rate of mixed workshop workers is higher than that of other departments. |
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