| Background:Occupational hazard risk assessment,refers to the identification and evaluation of occupational hazards on the possibility of laborer health impact and severity,while divide the risk level,is to determine the priority of the control and management.In the actual work,China uses a single occupational exposure limit method(OEL)to evaluate the chemical toxicant,which is easy to underestimate the risk,has a great limitation.Occupational health risk assessment can analyze the likelihood and severity of the health effects of toxic and hazardous substances on workers,and identify potential risks.Objective:This study uses five foreign popular kinds of occupational health risk assessment methods,to understand the present situation of occupational hazards of Lin'an city energy-saving lamps production enterprises,then assess the results comparing with our country occupational exposure limit method to find a suitable energy-saving lamp industry occupational health risk assessment method,and to provide the scientific basis and reference in the future for the related departments of the occupational health supervision.Methods:Based on actual conditions on site of 3 different scale energy-saving lamps manufacture factories,using the environmental protection agency occupational health risk(EPA)assessment method,Australian occupational health and safety risk(AU)assessment method,Romanian occupational accident and occupational disease risk(ROU)assessment method,International mining and metals commission risk(ICMM)assessment method,Singapore exposure semi-quantitative evaluation method to analyze and evaluate the harm of the work sites contacted with occupational hazards.Results:1.Risk factors identification and detectionThe main production processes of the three enterprises are basically the same,including cutting tubes,bending tubes,powder dusting-on,powder blending,wire rolling,sealing tubes,jointing tubes,mercury injecting and sizing.The chemical occupational hazards mainly include carbon monoxide,carbon dioxide,aluminum oxide dust,butyl acetate,mercury and cement dust,while physical factors including noise and heat.In addition to the excessive noise level,the chemical factors did not exceed the occupational exposure limits.2.Risk assessment resultsThe EPA model determines that the occupational hazard of mercury injection in large enterprises is extremely at high risk level.Mercury and other related positions in medium and small enterprises were judged to be at low risk levels.The SG model determined that the health hazards caused by exposure to mercury(vapor)and carbon monoxide in 3 enterprises were at high risk,while other posts were assessed as at low risk level.AU model,ROU model and ICMM model are evaluated from common to serious consequences,determined hearing loss due to noise hazard and noise deafness are at significant or high risk,such as cutting tubes,bending tubes,wire rolling,jointing tubes,mercury injecting,and exposure to carbon monoxide poisoning and carbon dioxide asphyxia are judged to be moderate to significant risk of the 3 enterprises.Other posts were assessed as at low risk level.Compared the results of the five risk assessment models and the classification results of occupational disease hazards in China,we found that in addition to the chemical factors ROU model assessment result is lower than China,when ICMM model result is the same,other methods are higher than the risk ratio assessment of occupational hazards in China.Conclusion:1.The occupational hazards mainly include carbon monoxide,carbon dioxide,aluminum oxide dust,butyl acetate,mercury and noise in Energy-saving lamps industry of Lin'an district.2.The EPA model and SG model can be used for quantitative or semi-quantitative assessment of occupational health risks of exposure to chemical hazards in Lin'an energy saving lamp industry.3.AU model,ROU model and ICMM model can be used for qualitative assessment of occupational health risks of physical factors in Lin'an energy saving lamp industry. |
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