Risk Factors Of Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia In Very Low Birth Weight Infant

Objective:To provide theoretical basis for the prevention and treatment of bronchopulmonary dysplasia（BPD）by analyzing and discussing the risk factors of BPD in very low birth weight infants.Methods:253 neonates under 32 weeks gestational age and 1500g birth weight were selected who were hospitalized in neonatal intensive care unit of the First Affiliated Hospital of the USTC from April,2015 to April,2020.Excluding the infants with malformation,congenital heart disease,genetic metabolic diseases and abandoning treatment.According to the diagnostic criteria of NICHD on bronchopulmonary dysplasia in 2018,60 patients were divided into the disease group and 193 patients in the control group.Analyzing the risk factors of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in very low birth weight infants retrospectively by collecting mother and infant information and postnatal treatment.Results:In 253 children,33 cases with birth weight≤1000g,and the incidence of BPD was 51.5%.92 cases with birth weight between 1000g and 1250g,and the incidence of BPD was 22.8%.128 cases with birth weight between 1250g and 1500g,and the incidence of BPD was 17.2%.16 cases with gestational age ≤28 weeks,and the incidence of BPD was 56.3%.103 cases with gestational age between 28 weeks and 30 weeks,and the incidence of BPD was 25.2%.134 cases with gestational age between 30 weeks and 32 weeks,and the incidence of BPD was 18.7%.The risk factors for BPD include gender,gestational age,birth weight,Apgar score ≤7 in 1 minute,PS,noninvasive ventilation time,invasive ventilation time,high concentration of oxygen,caffeine,red blood cell infusion volume,sepsis,patent ductus arteriosus,intracranial hemorrhage,and neonatal retinopathy.Non-invasive ventilation time,invasive ventilation time,high concentration of oxygen were independent risk factors for BPD of premature infants with gestational age<32 weeks and weight<1500g.Risk factors for the severity of BPD include gender,gestational age,birth weight,duration of invasive ventilation,duration of high concentration of oxygen,red blood cell infusion volume,sepsis,and intracranial hemorrhage.Among them,gender,gestational age,birth weight and high concentration of oxygen were independent risk factors for the severity of BPD.Conclusion:The incidence of BPD in very low birth-weight infants was mainly in premature infants with gestational age ≤28 weeks and birth weight ≤1000g.There are many risk factors for BPD in very low birth weight infants,among which invasive ventilation time,non-invasive ventilation time and high concentration oxygen inhalation time are independent risk factors.In clinical practice,we should minimize ventilation time and avoid long-term inhalation of high concentration oxygen.The risk factors for the severity of BPD in very low birth-weight infants are related to multiple factors.Male,gestational age,birth weight and high concentration oxygen inhalation are independent risk factors.Avoiding premature delivery and high concentration oxygen inhalation can reduce the severity of BPD.