| With the development of the city,when security incidents occur in large shopping places with complex spatial structure and complete functions,emergency signs,as the support structure of emergency management,can indicate escape information and guide evacuation,and play a role in preventing and resolving security risks(Chen Mingli,Chen Chuannan,Sun Yunyun,2019).A large number of studies have shown that time pressure,visual saliency,and clues are the main factors that affect individuals’ search for emergency signs.However,the domestic research for emergency signs mostly refers to relevant national standards from the perspective of engineering,ignored the people-oriented design concept,and lacks individual research on the psychological process in emergency sign search.Therefore,this study uses the eye tracking technology,through three experiments,using real shopping mall pictures as materials,to explore the impact of time pressure,visual saliency and clue type on the visual search performance of emergency signs.The following conclusions are obtained through experiments:(1)Time pressure will reduce the search performance of emergency signs and affect individual visual attention process.Under the pressure of time,the individual’s visual attention system will automatically adjust and quickly complete the search task by shortening the fixation time of the emergency signs and reducing the fixation frequency.At the same time,the individual will also narrow the attention range and reduce the processing of the emergency sign depth,therefore,the accuracy of searching for emergency signs has decreased significantly.(2)Under the pressure of time,high visual salience emergency signs regulate the performance of search emergency signs.In other words,emergency signs with high visual saliency can attract individuals’ attention,eliminate the influence of other interference factors,and obtain visual priority processing.At the same time,high visual salience emergency signs can obtain deeper processing with limited attention resources.The high visual salience emergency sign has a longer total fixation duration in the area of interest,faster first fixation time,higher fixation proportion,and fewer fixation count.In addition,compared with ordinary signs,individuals have a stronger motivation to search for emergency signs,and tend to narrow attention,which is manifested in the fact that the first fixation time for emergency signs is late,and only appears in emergency signs with high visual saliency.(3)Under the time pressure,direct word clues regulate the performance of search emergency signs.In other words,clues have the function of attention guidance,more specific the clue prompting,the stronger the guidance effect.Compared to direct word clues,indirect word clues are more effective and have a stronger guiding role.This result reflects the low level of automated processing of emergency signs by individuals.In addition,the prompt effect of word clue type on emergency signs only occur in the early stages of visual processing.Under the condition of indirect words,it is difficult to withdraw from the emergency signs.(4)The influence of word clues on search response time is only reflected in high visual significance emergency signs,The high visual significance emergency signs was longer in the total fixation duration and the first fixation duration in the area of interest,and the difference was greater under the indirect word clues.In summary,it is recommended to enhance the effectiveness of emergency signs from the following three aspects:improve individuals psychological resilience,enhance stress resistance,and form awareness of emergency sign automation;strengthen emergency sign management from architectural design,decoration,and use to improve signs saliency;When the emergency starts,the media and individuals should pay attention to the direct transmission of word clues. |
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