| During the development of Marx’s philosophy,from the macro view,there is an idealistic transformation process from speculative idealism to historical materialism.From the micro view,there is a logical deepening process from the alienation of labor to the social division of labor.Since the enlightenment,rationalism has swept across the whole Europe,and how to reflect on modernity has become an urgent task entrusted to thinkers by the history.The young Hegelians criticized religious theology with speculative rationality,but that would cause the concealing of the real people with the excessive elevation of the rational subject.In contrast,Marx was always able to transform the idea into a reflection of the reality.For the first diagnosis of civil society,Marx reflected on the existence of human beings and defined the status of human beings with the alienation of labor.However,due to the lag in the study of political economy,when more specific social phenomena are involved,the logic of alienation will be in conflict with objectification,thus falling into the theoretical dilemma of selfverification cycle.In the face of the great career of human liberation,once there is a theoretical faulty will cause dangers to the real communist movement.In order to solve this problems,after the study of economics carefully,Marx also completed the important transformation of the concept about practice and re-examined all kinds of social problems since modernity on the basis of practice.With the advent of world history,isolated individuals have been unable to establish a wildly social contact.The social division of labor inherently contains the development and liberation of people’s in theoretical field of vision,it been elevated to philosophy level by Marx and Engels,then they also finished the logical transformation from the labor alienation to the social division of labor.Marx’s theory about the social division of labor had broken through the intuitive and dogmatic understanding of the essence of man(economic man)by the defenders of the bourgeoisie,and established a double theoretical vision of political economy and philosophical criticism.The logical transformation from the alienation of labor to the social division of labor,embodies the dialectical feature of Marx’s philosophy,and marks the sublation of the historical view of alienation and the rise of the new level of historical materialism.After then,the logic of division of labor still plays a residual role in the subsequent theoretical creation.Through the social division of labor,Marx further confirmed the progressive significance of world history and labor theory of value.However,in the face of capitalism,which is a special society,the division of labor logic is obviously not profound enough to grasp the universality from modernity,and its theoretical limitations are also prominent.The logic of division of labor in Das Capital and its manuscript gradually faded,replaced by a larger,structured logic of capital. |
