A Study On The Generality Of Yunnan Historical Data And Related Problems Of Newly Released Chinese Old Customs Data

Although customs originated early in China,it was not until modern times that a relatively complete system was established.Modern western powers entered China and got their hands on Chinese customs,and the old customs system gradually developed.It has become a microcosm of the study of the social development of modern China,so there is a lot of research on the old customs in China.In recent years,due to the continuous collation and publication of Chinese old customs publications,the domestic research on modern customs is gradually systematic and in-depth,and the content is gradually rich and diversified.Among them,the new old Chinese customs publications with high utilization rate include “Historical Materials of Old Chinese Customs(1859-1948)” and “Collection of unpublished Historical Materials of Old Chinese Customs in Harvard University Library in the United States(1860-1949)”.The contents of the two old customs publications are reported by local customs tax departments,mainly for customs trade reports and statistical data,but they are different systems in the classification and arrangement of their contents.There are 170 volumes of Historical Materials of the Old Chinese Customs(1859-1948),which are mainly recorded by Yunnan Customs,including trade reports at various ports,trade inventory books,ten-year reports,and so on.In the trade report,there are an overview of the trade situation,taxes levied by this customs,foreign trade(imported foreign goods,export native goods),coastal trade,inland tariffs(foreign goods into the mainland,native goods out of the mainland),ships,passengers,gold and silver(imported foreign dollars),medicine(foreign medicine,native medicine),miscellaneous comments.Miscellaneous comments also involve the contents of many major social events this year,such as politics,economy,military affairs,justice,health diseases,culture and education,religion,transportation,and so on.By comparison,“Collection of unpublished Historical Materials of Old Chinese Customs in Harvard University Library in the United States(1860-1949)” is more numerous and complicated,which covers statistics,special,miscellaneous,official,office,inspection,postal series still can not include all the data,so in addition to the seven series,there are a large number of customs codes,work manuals,bank reports,currency reports,and treaty agreements are included in the “books of other categories”.Judging from the current achievements,there are still few achievements in the specific research on Yunnan customs issues by using the old customs publications collated and published in recent years.Although a lot of materials have been collected and published,it is difficult for researchers to consult materials at any time or even collect a complete set of old customs publications because of their rich content and small circulation.Therefore,on the basis of an overview of the new Chinese old customs data,using the new customs old data,combined with the historical data of local chronicles,this paper studies the issues related to public security and medical treatment in three customs,Yunnan Province from the late Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China,with a view to explaining the style,content,value and use of new and old customs materials.