| During the period of the Republic of China,when warlords were fighting each other and public security was in chaos,local gentry in various places established local defense organizations with different names to strengthen local self-defense or expand their private territory,which was difficult for the government to effectively control.The local team under the control of the squire is also soldiers and bandits,not only difficult to play the role of maintaining public security,some of the team also played into the local chaos,the evil forces against the government.In 1929,in order to strengthen social control and maintain public security at the grassroots level,the Nanjing Nationalist Government promulgated the law of county defense corps and began to implement the defense corps system nationwide.The Yunnan provincial government responded positively,and based on this law,adapted the old teams in all counties of the province,established the county security corps,and on this basis established the local security corps with the main body of the security team and standing team.As an important supplement to the army and police,the local security teams under the control of the government have been used since 1945 and played an important role in maintaining social order and stability.Yunnan local security team to the county unit for the establishment,the county head as the head,to the district regiment,township,lv as the unit to establish a tight hierarchy of security team organization.Under the unified leadership of the provincial government through the civil affairs department,the security teams in each county are allocated funds and weapons,supplemented by military and political training,which constitute the armed groups of the people who are in their respective divisions in peacetime and gather to serve as soldiers when needed.The natural connection between the guards and the people has built a bridge for the government to control the grass-root society,which makes the guards not only become an armed organization to strengthen the grass-root self-defense force,but also an important carrier of the government’s control.In order to strengthen the control of the local security team,the government not only strictly controls the personnel and appointment of the security team leaders,but also disciplines and inspects the team leaders in a variety of ways to ensure that the team leaders are always under the control of the government.Moreover,the influence of the gentry on the local teams was gradually weakened by many measures,such as integrating the revenue and expenditure of the security teams into the government’s financial system,standardizing the recruitment of the security corps and regiments,and strengthening the control of the civilian weapons.The gentry power was expelled from the core level of local league affairs,which changed the previous situation that local teams were controlled by gentry.The security team eventually became a standardized and standardized government-run local armed group under the absolute control of the government.Weak during the period of the Republic of China in Yunnan police administration system,lack of government control over the grass-roots society,local governments defend the team as a carrier of the force,in the grass-roots society actually play the role of the police,to undertake the part of the responsibility of the police,effectively maintaining the social order,promoting the government decree implemented in grass-roots society.The local security team is not only an important part of the local armed forces,but also the core force to maintain the local daily security.On the whole,the coercive force played by the local security teams in Yunnan effectively promoted the infiltration of the government’s power,strengthened the organization and management of the people,and strengthened the government’s control over the grass-roots society.To some extent,it promoted the transformation of the traditional grass-roots society in China from the squire to the government. |
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