A Study Of Narrative Theory About Criticism Of Classical Novels In Ming And Qing Dynasties

In the Ming Dynasty,the review of novels writing in classical Chinese recovered,and under the impetus of vernacular novel reviews,there has been considerable development,and the number of review books has become increasingly abundant.Wang Shimao,Tang Xianzu,Tu Long,Yuan Hongdao,Feng Zhenluan,Dan Minglun,He Shouqi,Wang Shizhen,Zhang Chao and those who did not leave real names,are the main forces in the comments.Among their scattered and complicated comments,the theoretical explanations made on the narrative features of novels writing in classical Chinese are shining,especially those around "Shi Shuo Xin Yu","Yu Chu" series of novels,"Liao Zhai Zhi Yi",and "Ying Chuang Qing Wan",because they use a series of vivid terms.On the basis of analyzing the comments of these several novels writing in classical Chinese,the author expounds the content of the narrative art,and finally summarizes the narrative theory of novels writing in classical Chinese from four aspects: the description of people and things,the development of plot,the narrative sequence and the narrative style.Characters and things are the main trace objects of novels writing in classical Chinese,and critics have made different comments on the different tracing techniques used by authors.Li Zhi,Wang Shimao,and Tian Zhong said that "Shi Shuo Xin Yu" was "written characters’ appearance",and revealed the time mechanism behind it;Critics such as Tang Xianzu,based on the characters’ form,posture,and tone of speech,using the terms "figure","decision of the gods","squeaky picturesque",and "spit out",elucidate the ingenuity of the "live painting" characters in the "Yu Chu" series of novels;From the narrative features of "Liao Zhai Zhi Yi" that take into account the characteristics of "people" and "things",Feng Zhenluan,Dan Minglun and others summed up the vivid expression of the "lifelike" and "two-pronged approach",the mutual writing method,the "big drop ink method","the padding doubles the writing method",the "virtual writing method" and the extreme writing style;Yan Huazi used dialectical terms such as "from virtual to reality" and "from shallow to deep" to summarize the character description in "Ying Chuang Qing Wan",and proposed for thefirst time the character’s psychological description "the more relaxed,The more proximate" theoretic proposition.The plot is the basic unit of narrative in novels writing in classical Chinese.The critics based on the text of the novel,summed up a set of unique theories of plot transfer and unfold-close.They gave out the three forms of "pulling the grass to find the snake","spring gradual development" and "everywhere in desperation" on the guidance and development of the plot;From the ups and downs of the plot,point out the five interesting styles of "Turn","Tortuous","Pause","Wave","Shock" and "Danger".In addition,the flexing and changing genre in the plot,the relaxed rhythm,the unpredictable suspense,the embedding of the characters and the deepening of the plot,the interesting and interesting little words,and the clever ending,the critics used special terms and propositions such as "Storing Words","Looking at the calm from the precipice","Making a gourd-speaking language","Rolling stones with small plants,doing as much fun as possible","Little embellishment is excellent","Looking for surprises" reveal.Novels writing in classical Chinese focus on the issue of chronological order.The critics of the Ming and Qing Dynasties revealed the "texture" and "needle thread" between the paragraphs in each story according to the characteristics of different novels writing in classical Chinese."Shi Shuo Xin Yu" presents the scattered structure of "item classification" in the overall structure,but the "sequence is reflected" within the single story."Yu Chu" series of novels focus on "starting knot","sequence" and "lock-in response"."Liao Zhai Zhi Yi" has five structural secrets,that is,the "set tire" as the purpose of the whole article,the "finishing pen" at the beginning of the finale,the "passing pulse" closely related to each other,and the "fuying" and the point of long distance "Drag","band" and "string" of the context,"chasing","compensating","good offices" and "not leaking" pen."Ying Chuang Qing Wan" follows the narrative style of previous classical Chinese novels,which is called "Fu","Dou","Zhang Ben",and "Ying".Through the commentator’s exposition,we find that while the narrative and pulse of the novels writing in classical Chinese retain their own characteristics,they also have a certain theoretical inheritance relationship,which shows commonality in the pensive method of annotating before and after.The narrative style can intuitively reflect the difference between novels writing in classical Chinese and vernacular novels or even other genre narratives.Judging from the revelations of critics of classical Chinese novels,the most distinctive feature of classical Chinese novels’ narrative style is limited to space and presents the "brief" style of "a thousand words".This narrative style has the characteristics of refined refinement,the narration of "net" and "foot" in a few words,and the ingenuity of "wisdom",which can be specifically through "taking advantage of the water","shuning the sheep","pointing out in the mouth",etc."Save countless strokes of ink" to achieve.In addition to "Jane",the "fantastic" and "blurred" colors that suddenly appear to be true,the modified literary style of "no longer using a pen",and the profound style of "more chewing and more taste" are also critics from Classical novels narrate the style summed up in practice.The commentary on novels writing in classical Chinese may seem trivial,but as Mr.Huang Lin said,it is complex and neat,loose and disorganized,and has its own theoretical system.It is based on traditional Chinese culture,and has accumulated profound theoretical connotations,highlighting Chinese characteristics.Overcoming the complex appearance of novels writing in classical Chinese,digging deep into the narrative theoretical treasures,and exploring its narrative theoretical logic,not only can intuitively grasp the narrative pattern of novels writing in classical Chinese,but also contribute to the construction of Chinese characteristics narrative theory system.