Gramsci Intellectual Theory Research

Antonio Gramsci,the founder of the Italian Communist Party,is one of the most creative Marxist theorists.The theory of organic intellectuals is an important part of Gramsci ’ s thought of cultural leadership,and it is his important theoretical contribution to Western Marxism as well.Gramsci discusses the position and function of intellectuals in the society from the perspective of social function,and theoretically covers the complicated relationship between intellectuals and the masses,society,system,leadership and so on.He believes that intellectuals should not only maintain their own relative independence,but also actively affect social reality and play a positive role in social existence.Organic intellectuals play an important role in unifying theory and practice in civil society.Gramsci tries to expound his own philosophy through his intellectual theory,guide the society to pay enough attention to the intellectuals,and strive to improve their social status,so that the intellectuals can play their functions and roles,provide talent support for human liberation,and provide inexhaustible power for the development of the world.This thesis is divided into three parts.The first part focuses on the concept and formation of “organic intellectuals”,discussing its theoretical sources and formation process.Starting from the background of the times and the life of the character,this thesis combs Gramsci’s theoretical system of cultural hegemony and intellectuals in an all-round way,striving to trace back to the source in detail,and to fully show the background of the “organic intellectuals”theory.The second part mainly analyzes the basic connotation of Gramsci ’ s “ organic intellectuals” theory and dissects its theoretical characteristics.This thesis mainly discusses the relationship between the“organic intellectuals”theory and the cultural hegemony theory,and analyzes in detail the social functions of intellectuals and their important role in cultural leadership from the perspective of “civil society”.Besides,the thesis also discusses the combination of “organic intellectuals” and “civil society” to guide the public towards cultural consciousness,so as to cope with cultural hegemony.The third part is the evaluation and summary of Gramsci’s “intellectual” theory.Gramsci breaks the binary opposition of the subject and object,theory and practice in the traditional intellectual theory.In his theory,“intellectuals”are important links between“superstructure”and“mass basis”.Gramsci’s intellectual theory is the development of Marx’s and Engels’ intellectual theory,and it is also the development of Lenin ’ s intellectual thought.Gramsci ’ s intellectual theory overemphasizes the subjective role of intellectuals,only considers the positive role of intellectuals and ignores the negative impact of intellectuals with “hostile forces” on the“reverse education” of society.