Kangxi Emperor’s Eastern Inspection Tours To Shengjing And Northeastern Frontier Defence

“In ancient times,emperors almost go hunting.” imperial inspection of provinces refers to the important political activities of emperors leaving the capital to inspect places and frontier areas.The purpose,nature,scale and evaluation of emperors’ tours in different dynasties can not be generalized.In the Qing Dynasty,four emperors went to Shengjing to worship their ancestors ten times,Emperor Kangxi three times,Emperor Qianlong four times,Emperor Jiaqing twice and Emperor Daoguang once.The four emperors went out to visit Shengjing,Jilin and other places in Northeast China to pay homage to their ancestors.In addition to worshiping the ancestors and "using filial piety to think",the eastern patrol also carried out activities such as investigating the people’s conditions and officials,contacting and appeasing Mongolia,investigating and deploying border equipment,hunting and practicing martial arts around,and rewarding the family members with honor and honor.This shows that in addition to ancestor worship,the eastern patrol also had distinct political and military purposes,which integrated family affairs and state affairs,and had an important impact on the society of Northeast China.Kangxi Emperor’s East tour was just when Russia invaded the Heilongjiang River Basin.Facing the real threat that affected the territorial integrity,security and stability of the "fundamental place" in Northeast China,Emperor Kangxi began to plan countermeasures during his first Eastern tour,dividing ningguta general into Jilin,taking measures such as releasing and resettling displaced people,and recruiting new Manchuria to strengthen the border defense force;in the second time,Emperor Kangxi strengthened the northeast He started to deploy the anti Russian war,and finally won the victory of the two Yaksa wars,and signed the Treaty of nebuchu with the tsarist Russia.Although the third Eastern inspection relieved the direct threat of the Russian invasion,Emperor Kangxi adjusted and improved the northeast frontier defense during the eastern inspection for the long-term stability of the northeast frontier area.It can be seen that the purpose of Emperor Kangxi’s eastern tour was not only to pay homage to the ancestors,but also to inspect the border preparations,consolidate national defense,and resist foreign enemies.This paper takes the three times of Kangxi’s eastern tour of Shengjing as the starting point to investigate the political and military intentions of the eastern tour besides paying homage to the mausoleum and ancestor worship.During the eastern tour,Emperor Kangxi visited Shengjing,Jilin and other areas of the province,and personally visited the northeast border areas to strengthen defense and strengthen armaments.During the eastern inspection tour and after returning to Beijing,they also stepped up the defense deployment for the northeast border areas.Frontier defense is a comprehensive and systematic project,which involves many aspects,such as the establishment of administrative districts,the dispatch of troops and the preparation of logistics.This paper will study the specific content of Emperor Kangxi’s deployment of defense in the northeast frontier,explore the change of the Qing government’s concept of border defense in this period,and clarify the establishment process of the northeast frontier defense system in Kangxi Dynasty.Under the background of the eastern expedition,the study of the northeast frontier defense is helpful to deeply understand the important strategic significance of the northeast region as the "fundamental place" to the Qing government,and the change of the Qing government’s defense concept of the northeast frontier in the face of the invasion of the tsarist Russia.