Carnival Poetic Factors In Sanxiao Of Feng Menglong

Carnival poetics is the theoretical crystallization of the former Soviet literary theorist Bakhtin,who refined and sublimated his works from the perspective of folk humor based on the Biography of the Giant by the French humanist writer Rabelais.The concept of "carnivalization" develops from "carnival" and "carnivalesque"."Carnival" is the profound embodiment of "carnivalization" and "carnivalesque" in literature.This poetics focuses on the unique expression and profound connotation of folk humor culture,through informal square language,material-physical lower part image and square festival and other folk forms and images,conveys the return of Utopia of freedom and equality and the pursuit of a unified and unfinished "space-time body"."Square" and "dialogue" are the representation and core of carnival poetics,which embodies the spiritual core of carnival,such as integrity,duality,polyphony,freedom and so on.Feng Menglong is a famous popular literature writer and folk literature collector in Ming Dynasty,who had compiled three collections of vernacular short stories describing the lives of citizens in the Ming Dynasty,such as Yushi Mingyan,Xingshi Hengyan and Jingshi Tongyan,as well as folk songs which were popular in the Ming Dynasty.In addition,he also compiled a collection of jokes such as Xiaofu,Guang xiaofu and Gujinxiao(Hereinafter referred to as Sanxiao).Feng Menglong is a master of popular literature.Because of his rich theoretical thoughts and creative practice,Feng Menglong is regarded as the forerunner of ancient Chinese civic literature.His joke theory and practice are based on the theory of “the true feeling”.The banter contains the subversion and resolution of authority and power.This has potential commonality with the spiritual core of Bakhtin’s carnival poetics based on folk literature.This paper tries to construct the folk world of Feng Menglong’s Sanxiao on the theoretical basis of carnival poetics and Bakhtin’s "second World" : this folk world is presented as a bustling carnival square under the court of the government.With the noisy language,the image of market customs and the folk customs of free carnival as the representation,the official world is deconstructed.Dialogue,the core of carnival poetics,is profoundly reflected in these languages,images and folklore.The "dialogue" in the Square contains Feng Menglong’s attention to the living state of the people,which reflects Feng Menglong’s pursuit and reflection on the folk utopian "Taoyuan" space-time body.