Study On The Long-necked Bottles Of The Liao Dynasty

The long-necked bottle is one of the typical Qidan-styled ceramics in the Liao Dynasty.Based on the typology research,this paper categorizes them by types and stages,and then further discusses its origin based on the phase characteristic change and the comparison with the similar ceramics and metalware in the Central Plains of the Sui and Tang dynasties,and studies the development and evolution of its function based on the documents and unearthed data.This paper firstly sorts out the data of long-necked bottles in the Liao Dynasty,introduces the reason and significance of the topic,research ideas and methods,as well as the research results and shortcomings of previous scholars.Secondly,based on the systematic analysis of the types of long-necked bottle unearthed inside the Liao empire by the use of archeological typology,they can be divided into four categories according to the different characteristics of the mouth,such as outword-rimmed,pan-mouthed,trumpet-mouthed and flower-mouthed,they can be divided into three periods and six stages based on the previous analysis.Thirdly,by comparison the Liao long-necked bottles with the early Qidan pottery pots,the similar objects unearthed from the Central Plain,discovered the Liao items inherit some elements of the Qidan typical potteries;and also it absorbed and integrated the technical means and decorative features of the production of the similar kind of wares in the Central Plains.And gradually it developed into the shape trumpet-mouthed long-necked in the middle and late Liao Dynasty.The decorative patterns of long-necked bottle in the Liao Dynasty are also the embodiment of national fusion.There are not only the early Qidan traditional decorative elements such as comb-like pattern and imitation leather stripes,but also the peony and lotus decorative styles from the Central Plains.Based on the material objects and the fresco images from the Liao tombs as the main data,and combined with the literature document,it is concluded that the long-necked bottle has five kinds of functions.Finally is the conclusion,which summarizes the previous contents.