| Feuerbach criticized Hegel’s spiritual object based on sensuous object.However,besides criticizing Feuerbach’s sensuous object,Marx proposed the objective activity and thus surpassed Feuerbach’s theory of sensuous object.First,Feuerbach thoroughly examined Hegel’s spiritual object and argued that while Hegel looked into everything from a spiritual perspective,his justification of absolute idea was only a formal one.Therefore,the identity of thought and being realized in his theory was only an identity in thinking.Moreover,when Hegel regarded nature and man as the externalization of the spirit,this nature was without life and this man was without self-consciousness,which caused the intersubjectivity an illusory one.Feuerbach proposed his theory of sensuous object after criticizing Hegel’s spiritual object.Feuerbach argued that the sensuous object had two principles: the sensuous nature and the sensuous man.Nature and man are sensible things that have certainty and exist out of thought.On the one hand,nature is no longer subordinated to spirit.It becomes realistic,concrete and lively instead.On the other hand,man no longer exists as man of self-consciousness,but exists as man of sensuous principles,namely,sensuous personality.By doing so,Feuerbach further drew a distinction between you and I.He insisted that only when you and I are in an intergrowth relationship can the interpersonal relationship be the most realistic.However,Feuerbach’s realization of this relationship was through love and finally formed a society as an abstract species.Against the abstract feature of Feuerbach’s theory of sensuous object,Marx surpassed it with the concept of objective activity.Feuerbach regarded man and nature as objects,which could only result in an abstract understanding of man and nature.Therefore,he treated the nature of man as species,which was only an abstract intersubjectivity.On the contrary,Marx proposed man’s objective activity as practice and realized the two-way interaction between man and nature,as well as man and society.Meanwhile,Marx achieved a concrete understanding of man,nature and society. |
