Production Activities Of County Level Institutions In Qin Bamboo Slips

The production activities of county-level institutions in the Qin Dynasty mainly include agriculture,breeding industry,handicraft industry,and forestry.The unearthed Qin bamboo slips provided a large number of important original historical materials for the study of the local economy in the Qin Dynasty.The Liye Qin bamboo slips were mainly archives of Qianling County,which best reflected the county-level administrative and economic activities of the Qin Dynasty.There are a large number of brief articles on laws and regulations,many of which are related to economic activities.Government-run agriculture is the basic industry of county-level production.In addition to the land granted to the people to cultivate,the land that is directly occupied,managed and operated by the government is public land.The county-level public land is divided into two types: cultivated land and idle land.Regarding the management of public fields,the main business activities involved are tianguan system,as well as the county system.At the same time,the county government implements a strict assessment system for officials in the management system and has corresponding examinations for production activities.The grain from the public fields is mainly used to supply the ration expenditure of county officials and Tuli,and the rest is turned over to the central government.The official breeding industry is a thriving industry of county-level production.The people of Qin attached great importance to animal resources.Many kinds of official livestock can be seen in the Qin bamboo slips,whose functions involve military,agriculture,transportation,and sacrifice.The county-level government-run aquaculture breeding institutions mainly include jiu,yuan,and zao.There are specialized officials to regulate the aquaculture industry.The Qin law recorded a series of laws and regulations for the aquaculture industry,which provided institutional guarantees for the official aquaculture industry,which enabled the rapid development of the official aquaculture industry in the Qin Dynasty.Regarding the government-run handicraft industry,although the government-run handicraft industry mainly serves the daily needs of rulers and local governments,it is affected by the social environment and the handicraft industry is gradually commercialized,and the government-run handicraft industry also makes profits for the county-level government.There are many types of handicrafts in the Qin bamboo slips,including lacquer ware,textiles,shipbuilding,weapons manufacturing,mining,pottery,and winemaking.Due to the particularity of handicraft production,the government-run handicraft industry is different from other industries.It has high technical requirements for workers.Most of them are Tuli and generations of craftsmen with special skills.There are institutions and workshops dedicated to the management of government-run handicraft production.The management by the relevant officials shows that the Qin Dynasty attached great importance to the industrial production of the opponents.Regarding government-run forestry,this industry greatly supplements county-level fiscal revenue.The people of Qin also attached great importance to the utilization of forest resources.Forestry provided raw materials for the handicraft industry.The Qin bamboo slips showed that the forestry policies of the Qin Dynasty were manifested in two aspects: forestry protection and forestry management.