A Multi Angle Study On The Negative Polarity Adverbs Of "Duan"

As a new part of speech,negative polarity adverbs have attracted a lot of attention,and many scholars have investigated its members.However,as one of its members,"Duan" words has not been explored by scholars.In order to better understand the use characteristics of "Duan" words,this paper will comprehensively study the syntax,semantics and pragmatics of "Duan" negative polarity adverbs in modern Chinese by combining description and explanation,synchronic and diachronic analysis,qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis,and analyze the causes of negative polarity.The research objects locked in this paper are "Duan","Duanduan","Duanhu" and "Duanran".The actual research process is divided into five parts,namely:The first chapter is the introduction.It includes the research purpose and significance,research objects and contents,research status,research methods and corpus sources.The second chapter mainly introduces the syntactic features of "Duan" negative polarity adverbs,including syntactic function,combination with negative structure,other co-occurrence components and the restrictive effect of prosody on syntax.In terms of syntactic function,"Duan" words can be used as adverbials;The negative structure and VP are often added later,and there are mainly "no","not","without","non","implicit negative verb" and "v not c".Different members of the word "Duan" have their own combination patterns.In terms of other co-occurrence components,nouns,noun phrases,pronouns,verbs,adverbs,prepositions,conjunctions,auxiliary words and so on can appear in front of them;In addition to negation,"Duanhu" and descriptive adverb "Duanran" can also appear in affirmative sentences,followed by positive structures;In addition,"Duan" negative polarity adverbs still have differences in usage due to the limitation of rhythm,which is mainly reflected in the differences between monosyllabic words of "Duan" and disyllabic words of "Duanduan","Duanhu" and "Duanran"."Duan" must form a sound step with monosyllabic negative words,while "Duanduan","Duanhu" and "Duanran" can form a sound step by themselves.The third chapter mainly introduces the semantic features of negative polarity adverbs of "Duan".Firstly,the definitions of "Duan" negative polarity adverbs in major dictionaries are simply classified and sorted out,and then their semantic features are discussed according to different contexts.The same point is that most of the negative polarity adverbs of "Duan" can express punch,guess and evaluate;The difference is that "Duan","Duanduan" and "Duanran" can express command and attitude firmly,but "Duanhu" can’t express this meaning.However,"Duan","Duanduan" and "Duanran" have different degrees of attitude firmly,from big to small in order of "Duanran" > "Duanduan" > "Duan".The mood adverbs and descriptive adverbs of "Duanran" can express this meaning;"Duan","Duanduan" and "Duanhu" can express dissuasive meaning,"Duanran" has no dissuasive meaning,but "Duanran" as descriptive adverbs can express descriptive meaning as well as resolute attitude.Therefore,it is concluded that the four negative polarity adverbs of "Duan" have the semantic features of[+subjective],"Duanhu" with [+euphemism],"Duan","Duanduan" and "Duanran" with [+coercion] [-concession] [+isolation].The fourth chapter mainly introduces the pragmatic features of "Duan" negative polarity adverbs and examines the causes of negative polarity.Pragmatic aspects are mainly manifested in strengthening tone,highlighting subjectivity;Sentences are mostly used in declarative sentences,imperative sentences and exclamatory sentences,and are hardly used in interrogative sentences.In terms of style,negative polarity adverbs of "Duan" are mostly used in written language,but rarely used in spoken language.The causes of negative polarity include the grammaticalization process of each member,the distribution of positive negative context,the relationship between positive negative distribution and grammaticalization,and the causes commonly used in negative sentences.Generally speaking,the grammaticalization process of "Duan" words has changed from substantive words to function words,specifically modal adverbs;The distribution of positive negative context is mostly used in affirmative sentences at the beginning of grammaticalization,and then slowly transferred to negative sentences with the gradual maturity of grammaticalization;And with the deepening of grammaticalization,the number of negative sentences is gradually increasing.As for the reasons why negative polarity adverbs of "Duan" type are often used in negative sentences,the author finds that the causes are complex,involving grammaticalization,semantic evolution,pragmatics,high-frequency use and many other aspects;If necessary,you can look for the causes outside the language system.Finally,the conclusion summarizes the full text and points out the shortcomings of this paper.