| In the formation of self-cognition(i.e.,the first-person perspective),individuals will quickly process and better remember information related to the individual’s selfconcept,showing a self-reference effect,but " looking-glass self "(i.e.,the third-person perspective)believed that individuals not only incorporate their own cognition into their self-concept,but also incorporate others’ evaluations,attitudes,and opinions of themselves,which shows that self-cognition from the third-person perspective is equally important.Reflected self-appraisal is a study of self from the third-person perspective,and it is an individual’s inference about how others view oneself.The cognitive theory of depression proposed by Beck believes that depressed individuals have a negative tendency in self-cognition.Studies have shown that the role of a mother is embedded in Chinese self-concepts.So,do the reflected self-appraisal of mother(third-person perspective)and self-appraisal(first-person perspective)of depressed individuals have the same negative bias? If so,is the negative bias of the reflected self-appraisal of mother specific?To this end,this research attempts to investigate through two studies: First,from the self-appraisal from the first-person perspective and the reflected self-appraisal of mother from the third-person perspective to examine the self-appraisal model of individuals with depression tendency(Study 1),and further on this basis investigate the differences in the reflection and evaluation of different others from the third-person perspective(Study 2).in particular:The study 1 is divided into two experiments: Experiment 1(depressed subjects)and Experiment 2(healthy subjects),both of which are carried out using 3(directed tasks: evaluation of mothers,reflected self-appraisal of mother,self-appraisal)x 2(commendatory and derogatory part of speech: commendatory,derogatory)x2(R/K judgment: R remembers,K knows)in-subject experimental design,the dependent variable is the re-recognition rate of the subject and the five-point score.The experimental materials for both experiments are the same,including 180 trait words of "1520 Chinese Personality Trait Adjectives: Likeness,Meaning,Familiarity,and Modernity Rating" and the Self-Rating Depression Scale(SDS).The results showed that the scores of derogatory trait words in the reflected self-appraisal of mother of the depressed subjects were greater than the positive ones,showing a negative evaluation tendency;both the depressed subjects and the healthy subjects showed a positive tendency in self-appraisal;healthy subjects’ evaluation of mother tasks tended to be positive,while other tasks did not show such performance.The study 2 is divided into two experiments: Experiment 3(depressed subjects)and Experiment 4(healthy subjects),both of which are conducted using 3(directed tasks: reflected self-appraisal of mother,reflected self-appraisal of friend,reflected selfappraisal of classmate)x 2(commendation and derogation: commendatory,derogatory))x2(R/K judgment: R remembers,K knows)in-subject experimental design,the dependent variable is the re-recognition rate of the subject and the five-point score.The experimental materials for both experiments are the same,including the Intimacy Scale(IOS),180 trait words of "1520 Chinese Personality Trait Adjectives:Likeness,Meaning,Familiarity,and Modernity Rating" and the Self-Rating Depression Scale(SDS).The results showed that only reflected self-appraisal of mother’s scores of derogatory traits were higher than those of praise and showed a negative tendency.Reflected self-appraisal of friends and classmates were not significant.The results of the two studies show that: Individuals with depressive tendencies still maintain a more positive tendency toward self-appraisal,but reflected selfappraisal from the perspective of mothers has a negative tendency,that is,the negative self-cognition bias of depressed teenagers may originate from their mothers.This suggests that the role and influence of mothers should be particularly emphasized in the early intervention system for depressed individuals. |
