| The verb of "driving" is an important part of speech in Chinese.Through the combination of diachronic investigation and synchronic description,this paper adopts the method of literature analysis and occurrence frequency statistics to investigate the glyphs,meanings,syntactic relations and collocation objects of "driving" verbs in Chinese history.According to the "method of three divisions" of Chinese history,this paper selects representative literature materials of different historical stages to conduct individual textual research and statistics on each verb of "driving",showing the composition of the semantic field of "driving" in different periods,so as to reveal the characteristics of its diachronic evolution.Finally,all the verbs of "driving" in Chinese history are compared and summarized,and the reasons and rules of their evolution are clarified.The full text is divided into seven parts: the first chapter is the introduction,which mainly introduces the research background,research status,research methods and research ideas,and frames the definition and scope of "driving" verbs.The second to fourth chapters focus on the semantic development and usage of "Jia(驾)" verbs in the three historical stages of Chinese history.This paper holds that the number of "Jia(驾)" verbs in history has been increasing slowly,and the earliest "Jia(驾)" verbs such as "Jia(驾)","Cheng(乘)" and "Yu(御)" have played the most important role in the history of Chinese;Then the new verbs of "Jia" almost take a long time to form a stable use,such as "Qi(骑)","Kai(开)","Hua(划)" and "Cao(操)".The fifth chapter analyzes the differences in the use of ten "Jia" verbs in modern Chinese Putonghua“ "Jia(驾)" and "Kai(开)" bear the most important role of "controlling" because they can match the most means of transportation."Qu(驱)","Ride(骑)" and "Row(划)" are also used frequently.The sixth chapter sums up three main reasons leading to the development and evolution of "Jia(驾)" verbs: first,the "Jia(驾)" verbs change with several periods of great changes in Chinese;Second,the development of the verb "drive" is closely related to the changes of the main means of transportation in the society;Third,the development of social productive forces is the fundamental driving force for the development and succession of "Jia(驾)" verbs.The last part is the conclusion“ In modern Chinese,the verbs of "driving" changed a lot,which showed that the meanings of "Yu(御)" and "Cheng(乘)" were no longer used;Two new members,"Kai(开)" and "Row(划)",have been added“ The scope of application of "driving" is further expanded,and it is developing in the direction of general use;The words for "driving" water vehicles gradually stabilized.The paper also makes statistics on the frequency of each verb of "drive" in different periods as well as the situation of its collocation with means of transportation.It can be seen that the original meaning of most "Jia(驾)" verbs is often related to human body movements.The evolution and development of "driving" verbs in Chinese is mainly related to the evolution of social productivity,especially the evolution of vehicles.Meanwhile,the adjustment and balance of the semantic field of "driving" is also affected by the internal development and changes of language.For example,"Jia(驾)" and "cheng(乘)" in semantic from mutual competition to their respective division of labor;By means of metonymy,"kai(开)" is extended from the verb meaning "to drive" to "control" the whole vehicle."Driving" verbs not only reflect the stability of common words in Chinese,but also reflect the changes of times and society in traffic control activities. |
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