| Livelihood transition is not only the main pathway for poor farmers to get rid of poverty and achieve sustainable livelihoods,but also an important means to promote rural revitalization in poor mountainous areas.Exploring the process and driving factors of farmers’ livelihood transformation in poor mountainous areas can consolidate the achievements of poverty alleviation and promote the sustainable development in mountainous areas.This paper takes the Longnan mountainous areas located in the West Qinling Mountains as the study area,uses the survey data of farmers,the K-means cluster analysis method to determine the types of farmers’ livelihoods,and analyses the process of rural households’ livelihood transition from 2014 to 2019.The results show that:(1)From 2014 to 2019,the 65.73% of interviewed farmers in Longnan Mountain area have changed livelihoods,mainly from “labor + food crop + pepper part-time type”to “pepper + labor part-time type”.Among them,the out-of-poverty households mainly from “labor + food crop + pepper part-time type” to “pepper + labor part-time type”,while non-poor farmers mainly from “other cash crop + labor part-time type” to “labor type”.The farmers’ livelihood in high mountain area,middle mountain area and river valley area farmers are mainly from “labor + food crops + pepper part-time type” to “pepper + labor part-time type”.(2)From 2014 to 2019,27.00% of farmers in the Longnan mountainous area have achieved upward mobility in their livelihood development stage,12.19% of farmers moved downward.Among them,the proportion of non-poor farmers whose livelihoods flow upward is higher than the out-of-poverty households,and the proportion of out-ofpoverty households whose livelihood flows downward is higher than that of non-poverty households.With the transition from high mountain area,middle mountain area to river valley area,the proportion of households whose livelihoods move upwards decreases in order.(3)The proportion of farmers out-of-poverty changed from the initial stage to the middle stage was higher than the non-poor farmers,while the most of non-poor farmers changed from the middle stage to the senior stage;the proportion of farmers changed from the middle stage to the senior stage in middle mountain area was higher than the high mountain area and river valley area,and the proportion of farmers who achieved leap-type livelihood transition decreased sequentially from high mountain area,middle mountain area to river valley area.(4)The greater area of cultivated land and forest land per capita,the greater number of productive assets,the higher probability of downward mobility of livelihoods.The lighter impact of meteorological disasters,the higher degree of social trust,the higher degree of policy diversification,the higher degree of economic and employment support,and the better natural conditions,the lower probability of downward mobility of livelihoods.At the same time,the more livestock assets,the higher per capita annual income,the higher social connection and trust degree of farmers,the greater intensity of economic support,the better natural conditions of farmers,the greater probability of upward mobility of livelihoods. |
