Study On The Evolution Of Spatial Form Of Typical Tunpu Settlement In Anshun

With the rapid development of industrialization and urbanization,the spatial form and land use pattern of rural settlements have undergone drastic changes.There are a series of problems in the rural development,such as the disorderly land layout,the desolation of villages and the weakening of traditional culture.The problem of rural development has attracted wide attention,and the country has put forward the strategy of rural revitalization.Tunpu culture is a unique regional cultural phenomenon in Anshun area of central Guizhou province.As the carrier of Tunpu culture,the morphological evolution and land use development pattern of Tunpu villages deserve attention.With profound historical accumulation,Anshun is also the region where the Tunpu Settlements are most concentrated in Guizhou.There were 229 Tunpu Settlements when it was founded in the early Ming Dynasty,and there are more than 300 existing Tunpu Settlements in Anshun,mainly distributed in Xixiu District of Anshun.Comments based on the analysis summary,based on the distribution and evolution stage of development according to the different characteristics of regional and village cultural heritage,cultural heritage features of different three typical traditional tun village as the research object,using the drones and participatory rural appraisal method for different stages of village land use data,By using the settlement boundary shape index,village plane expansion index and expansion intensity index,the evolution characteristics of settlement spatial form and land use pattern were studied,the influencing factors of spatial form and land use pattern evolution of Tunpu settlement were analyzed,and the development and protection strategies were proposed.The main research conclusions are as follows:(1)The evolution characteristics of the external morphology of typical Tunpu settlements are summarized.The external morphology of the three typical settlements were all lump-shaped at first,and gradually evolved into finger-shaped morphology along the road with the expansion of the settlement scale.In terms of the form of streets and alleys,Baotun village shows the pattern of net-shaped streets and alleys,while Caiguan village and Shanqi group show the pattern of tree-shaped streets and alleys.For node space,there are core nodes(such as ancestral temple)and general nodes(such as square).(2)The characteristics of land use expansion in typical Tunpu settlements are summarized.Before the Republic of China,houses were mainly built around the ancestral temple,extending to the periphery along the ancestral temple and the diaolou.At this stage,the expansion of houses was slow.From 1949 to 1990,houses were mainly built by "filling in the void" and randomly selected houses,and the number of floors was mainly 1 and 2 stories.After 1990,newly built houses gradually expanded to the periphery,showing a trend of accelerated expansion,and high-rise buildings with 3 stories or more gradually appeared,showing obvious characteristics of distribution along the road.Convenience of transportation and individual value become the main factors that affect the location of villagers to build houses.Newly-built houses are gradually giving up all-wood,stone-wood and brick-wood structures in favor of brick-concrete structures,but they generally show the characteristics of all-wood,stone-wood and brick-wood structures in the inner circle and brick-concrete structures in the outer circle.Among them,most of the ancient dwellings in Baotun Village are refurbished,while the ancient dwellings in Caiguan Village and Shanqi Group are almost uninhabited and gradually aging.Baotun Village and Shanqi Group implemented the protection of ancient dwellings,while Caiguan Village did not.(3)The spatial and temporal evolution pattern of Tunpu settlements was comprehensively influenced by natural,cultural,social and economic factors and policies,which all affected the spatial form and land use pattern of the villages in Tunpu to varying degrees.(4)Under the current background,it is urgent to carry out land consolidation,protect traditional buildings,revitalize abandoned homesteads,and develop industries to drive the development of local economy.Through the above study on the evolution of spatial form and land use pattern of typical Tunpu settlements in Anshun,it is expected to provide some reference for the protection and development of the cultural heritage of Tunpu settlements in the future,as well as the realization of rural revitalization in the region of Tunpu.