Research On Evolution Pattern And Spatial Management And Control Of Man-land System In Qinba Mountainous Area

The man-land relationship areal system is the core of geography research,which is an open complicated giant system that is formed by the interaction of human activities as well as geographical environment on the earth’ s surface.It is a human-earth related system on the basis of a certain area of the earth’ s surface,that is,a dynamic structure that is formed by the mutual connection and interaction between human and earth in a specific region.All the time,the Chinese geography community has conducted a large amount of research work under the theoretical framework of the man-land system,mainly including the formation process,structural characteristics and development trends of the man-land system;the interaction between man-land systems,energy conversion,reevaluation and risk evaluation;the spatial pattern of man-land systems and the laws of regional differentiation;the evolution and trends of man-land systems;the optimization,coordination,management and control of man-land systems at diverse levels and scales.Mountainous areas accounts for 24% of the global land area,providing over 70% of the freshwater resources and most of the energy,minerals,and ecological resources of the land,which are currently the best preserved area on the earth for biodiversity,the core area of global natural protection and the main resources existing regions.About half of the world’ s population relies on the resources that are provided by mountains.Mountainous areas have been significant living habitats as well as birthplaces of civilizations since ancient times.They provide significant support for human habitation,reproduction and development.In recent years,they have become the areas with the most fierce and rapid response in the course of global environmental change as well as ecological degradation.The relationship between human and land in mountainous areas and the sustainable development has attracted constant concern from academic circles and governments of various countries.Under this background,as a special,complicated and widely distributed type of man-land system,the evolution pattern and spatial control of man-land system in mountainous areas have become a significant scientific theory and practical proposition of human geography.This research abides by the research idea of “research summary-theoretical construction-empirical analysis-countermeasure suggestions”,and selects the typical mountainous region across the province-the Qinba Mountainous area as the object toconduct research work.This paper uses the relevant discipline theories,such as human geography,regional economics,ecology and management,which mainly analyzes the characteristics,elements,structure,action mechanism and status evaluation and control strategies,etc.of the mountainous man-land system from three aspects of mountainous man-land system,spatial equilibrium,and spatial management and control.Besides,it also constructs a theoretical framework,adopts the research methods of coupling coordination model,Getis-Ord General G space detection method,GWR geographic weighted regression model,space supply and demand matching model,space benefit balance model,etc so as to conduct the empirical research about the evolution characteristics and driving mechanism of the ground system,spatial pattern and influencing factors,spatial balance and optimization.It puts forward a space management and control model and planning practice plan that are suitable for the Qinba mountainous area.The main research contents and conclusions are as follows:(1)Discussion on theoretical methods of mountain-land man-land system.This paper conducts the theoretical analysis of the basic characteristics,elements,structure,action mechanism,evolution mechanism and optimization of the man-land system in mountainous areas,which finds out that the coordination and equilibrium of the man-land system in mountainous areas are mainly reflected in two dimensions.From the perspective of the theoretical dimension,two aspects: “developmental requirement in the geographical space-environment supply relationship matching” and “inter-regional benefit balance and regional comprehensive benefit maximization” shall be included.From the perspective of the practice dimension,targeted and differentiated spatial management methods in diverse regions shall be adopted to determine diverse development models and planning strategies so as to promote the orderly distribution of human activity elements in the regional space and realize a comprehensive balance of the man-land system in the mountainous area.(2)The evolution characteristics and driving mechanism of the man-land system in Qinba mountainous area.The evolution of the man-land system in the Qinba Mountainous area has generally experienced three phases characterized by “symbiosis coordination”,“development degradation” and “conspicuous contradiction”;since the 21 st century,the overall the coordination of man-land system in the Qinba Mountainous area has declined slightly and the spatial difference shows as a rapid decline in the middle and high mountainous areas and relatively stable state in the low mountain and plain areas.The main determining factors of the decline in the coordination of the man-land system in theQinba mountainous area are as follows: the economic development status and the degree of resource utilization,and the quality of the ecological environment.The quality of the ecological environment has a certain effect on improving the coordination of the man-land system in the Qinba Mountainous area,but at the same time,it requires to be built on the basis of high-quality social as well as economic development.(3)Quantitative research on the spatial pattern of man-land system in Qinba mountainous area.Natural environmental factors have great changes in area and the characteristics of changes with terrain are more prominent;population and economic development show an uneven spatial pattern of peripheral popular and internal lagging;several factors and several scale studies have found that the spatial pattern of man-earth in mountainous areas has the characteristics of a lower degree of agglomeration than the plain and a more severe vertical differentiation,which has a prominent correlation with the terrain.(4)Evaluation of the spatial equilibrium state of the man-land system in Qinba mountainous area.There is a prominent spatial misalignment between the supply capacity and the demand intensity in the Qinba mountainous area.The supply capacity is high in the middle and low in the periphery,while the developmental requirement is basically the opposite.The degree of spatial matching is generally low and the distribution is extremely uneven.The pattern of “low external periphery”,the ratio of the number of balanced and unbalanced districts and counties is 2: 8;the ecological benefits and economic benefits don’t match.The distribution of regional spatial benefits is not balanced enough.(5)The space management and control strategies as well as policy recommendations of the Qinba mountainous area are put forward.With the optimization of the spatial pattern of the man-land system as the vision,this paper aims at the two core goals of spatial supply and demand matching in the area and the balance of inter-regional comprehensive benefits.The management and control units are divided and the development and control models are divided into the following four types: the ecological security type,the economic security type,the double-benefit increase type,and the benefit transfer type.