The Lexicalization Of Trans-layered Structure "X Bu"

Many of the trans-layered structures of“X+Bu”have completed lexicalization and become stable modern Chinese words,while a few are undergoing the process of lexicalization.In this thesis,seven words that have been lexicalized are selected as the research objects:zaibu(再不),hebu(何不),mobu(莫不),wubu(无不),yaobu(要不),haobu(好不),kebu(可不).Based on the diachronic investigation of their lexicalization process,the general rules are summarized and the causes are analyzed.This thesis is composed of four chapters.Zaibu is a special type of lexicalization caused by the structural abridgement and the semantic development of zai.Hebu is a trans-layered combination of interrogative pronoun He and negative adverb Bu,which is formed by lexicalization under the function of pragmatic inference.The lexicalization of mobu and wubu is mainly caused by the disappearance of the usage of negative indefinite pronoun mo and wu.The influence of irony context meaning and the emptiness of negative meaning of bu play an important role in the lexicalization of haobu.The formation of kebu is a kind of trans-layered structure’s lexicalization caused by the change of part of speech of ke and the absorption of context.The lexicalization of “X+Bu” can be divided into three stages: early use,middle condensation and final word formation.Originally,“X+Bu” is only a sequence of adjacent components in a linear order,and finally solidified into a word under the influence of syntactic,semantic,phonetic and other factors.Semantically,it goes through three stages: the combination of the virtual and real semantics,the semantic change and the generation of the new meaning.The source of new semantics is the original constituent meaning and construction meaning,which can be divided into double semantic center and single semantic center.Syntactically,adjacency of components,high-frequency conjunction and disyllabic chunking are the most basic conditions to complete the lexicalization of trans-layered structure.The mechanism and motivation of lexicalization of “X+Bu” are mainly pragmatic inference,reanalysis,subjectivity and cross-subjectivity,Chinese prosodic rules and disyllabification.Pragmatic reasoning,subjectivity and cross-subjectivity play an important role in the semantic level.Under the influence of them,the generation of new meaning goes through a continuous chain: special implicit meaning-general implicit meaning-inherent meaning.Reanalysis plays a role in the syntactic level,and the decategorization and affixation of common items are the ways to achieve reanalysis.The prosodic rules and disyllabification of Chinese work at the semantic level,and they match with the motivation at the syntactic and semantic levels to promote the formation of disyllabic chunks.