A Comparative Study Of The Causative Structure Of "V De" In Ernv Yingxiong Zhuan,Rulin Waishi And Ji Chuntai

The "V de" causative structure is one of the most important and complex causative structures.It is a complex structure composed of a main sentence and a complement clause.The typical morphological sign is that there is a word "de" after the predicate v.Under the influence of construction grammar,this paper takes the "V de" causative structure of Qing Dynasty Chinese as the research object,selects the representative novels of Qing Dynasty,Beijing Mandarin,Nanjing Mandarin and Southwest Mandarin as the research content,analyzes and compares the "V de" causative structure of three works,in order to get the "V de" causative structure the similarities and differences in the three works,so as to investigate the development of "V de" causative structure in the three Mandarin areas of the Qing Dynasty.After research,it is found that the structure of "V de" in Qing Dynasty is complex in form.The typical form is NP1 + V de + NP2 + VP,which forms a complex sentence pattern of big sentence with small sentence.The predicate V of the whole sentence is directly followed by "de",and no component can be inserted in the middle.After "de",it is a subject predicate structure.It is believed that the "V de" structure,whose mood pause is not after NP2,still expresses causative meaning.As far as the form features are concerned,in Ernv Yingxiong Zhuan,the proportion of entity to emissary is the largest,accounting for about 61% of the "V de" causative structure examples in this book;the types of verbs acting as causative force are the most,and the proportion of psychological causative verbs is the largest,and the disyllabic verbs appear in the four types of causative verbs.The number of examples of "V de" causative structure in Rulin Waishi is the least,which is about one fourth and one fifth of the other two works;there is no implied causative agent,and there is no causative verb as causative force.The proportion of universal causative verb is higher than the other two works,about 22%.In Ji Chuntai,the number of causative structures of "V de" is the largest,and the number of emissaries is more,accounting for about 34% of the examples.The emissaries acted by event elements account for more,accounting for about 60%.The number of emissaries acted by predicate elements is the largest.The number of emissaries acted by two parallel nominal elements is more,accounting for about 25% of the total.The proportion of four character phrases(such as "Pi Po Xue Liu")which are caused by the messenger and the result is high,accounting for about 21% of the total.As far as semantics is concerned,the emissary in the three works has a higher degree of life.The full text will be discussed from the following parts: the first part introduces the previous research on causative structure and "V de" causative structure,as well as the research results of the three selected works,the basis and significance of topic selection,research ideas and theoretical methods,and the source of corpus.The second part introduces the judgment of the causative structure of "V de" in Qing Dynasty,and proves that it is a construction,and describes its construction characteristics from both formal and semantic aspects.The third part makes a comparative analysis of the five elements of "V de" causative structure in Ernv Yingxiong Zhuan,Rulin Waishi and Ji Chuntai from the syntactic level,namely,to emissary,to be emissary,to causative force,to result,and to tool,to explore the features of the five elements in the three official dialect areas of the Qing Dynasty.The fourth part analyzes the characteristics of the causative structure of "V de" in the three works from the semantic level,mainly from three aspects: the causative meaning expressed by the causative agent and the causative meaning expressed by the construction.The conclusion part explains the main content,main points and shortcomings of the paper.