Study On The Refinement Of Community Home Care Service For Old-aged In Nanchang City

With the acceleration of population aging and the increasing complexity of aging needs,the sharpening of contradiction between supply and demand makes the old-aged care become a livelihood issue which the central and local governments pay more and more attention to.From family elderly-care to institutional elderly-care to community home elderly-care,the transitions of the elderly-care models in China benefit from the rapid development of social economy,reflecting the increasing demand for differentiation.However,neither the community home elderly-care nor the institutional elderly-care can fundamentally alleviate the increasingly severe pressure of old-aged care.Affected by reduced family children,the function of family elderly-care is gradually weakened and the development of institutional elderly-care is frozen,so that the community home elderly-care has become the mainstream elderly-care model in China.It is a way of socialized service which takes the family as the core,the community as the base,the specialized service as the support.It makes up for the deficiency of institutional elderly-care and family elderly-care,combines the emotional needs of the aged with the community attendance,saves the cost of family pension and also meets the basic needs of the aged to a certain extent.Since the 21 st century,the development of community home elderly-care has made great progress.Taking Nanchang as an example,the 13 th Five-Year Plan for the Development of Nanchang City’s Aging requires 70% coverage of community old-aged service by the end of 2020 to solve the pension needs of the aged nearby.However,with the huge base of the aged’s needs and the diversified demands growing,and also influenced by the low efficiency of resource integration,the limited capacity of community home old-age service station and the failure of multisubject governance in the process of grassroots governance,the development of community home elderly-care has been blocked.Because the socialized old-age service in China started late,and the research paradigm and related theories mostly drew on foreign experiences,the research part of current theories mostly adopts the perspective of multisubject governance that the old-aged problem belongs to quasi-public products and needs the participation of the market,social organizations,families and other subjects besides the government.However,influenced by traditional culture,the democratic consciousness is naturally insufficient,the nurture mechanism is defective and the function of social organizations doesn’t supply timely;when dealing with the aging problem,the coping style of the local government is simple and extensive,and the response measures are fragmented,in which resources can not be fully integrated and utilized;other participants also have problems such as lack of responsibility,dislocation of function and mere formality,so the theory of multiple governance still has many problems about local adaptability in the early stage of guiding and dealing with the old-aged problem in China.Multiply subjects’ cooperation requires multiply parties’ participation,so the lack of either party will inevitably lead to the imbalance of governance effect.As an important part of community governance,community old-aged service needs the coordinated participation of government,enterprises,social organizations and individual citizens.However,the root of traditional culture makes the cultivation and development of social organizations lack of innate environment,and for short of effective mechanism of market access,advocating multiply subjects’ governance can not achieve desired results.Therefore,it is not feasible to simply copy the foreign governance model,so main functions and roles must be re-positioned.Since the deep push of “Decentralization of Power,Strengthening Supervision,Optimizing Service” policy,when facing public problems,many local governments advocate multiply parties’ participation to change the governance chaos of“excessive managements” in the past,but it also creates another problem,that is“insufficient managements”.The problem in dealing with old-aged problems is that the government weakens its own functions,so in the process of re-positioning main functions and roles,the functional orientation of the government is crucial.China is still in the initial stage of dealing with aging problem.Combining the advanced experience of various countries and according to the actual situation of China,the elderly-care model which is suitable for the development of urban economy and culture in China can only be explored by strengthening the government functions of leading,guiding and supporting,enhancing the local governments’ capacity of systematic institution,getting rid of fragmented governance,gradually guiding each party to participate through scientific and effective top-level design,and integrating and utilizing the resources of each subject to meet the multilevel and diversified needs of the aged as possible.Taking Xihu District of Nanchang City as an example,this essay carries out field investigations and questionnaires about the present situation of urban community’s home elderly-care,revealing many problems during the development.Faced with imperfect system and mechanism,low efficiency of operation and management,and poor infrastructure,local governments lack effective measures.To solve the development dilemma of community old-aged service and alleviate the contradiction between supply and demand,we must start with the root of that contradiction and explore effective measures to upgrade the model of community old-aged service.Taking a new model of mutual assistance to the aged,“Time Bank”,as the starting point,and applying the theory of social change and the theory of unorganized interest and collective action,this essay analyzes its kernel and advantages,discusses its applicability and the optimization measures to promote the model,and also introduces the “Smart Service Platform” as a tool which effectively connects the supply and demand to explore a needs-oriented path of community refined elderly-care.This development path provides a reference basis for enriching the system of old-aged service and strategies to improve the governance capacity and level of the government.