| Since 1978,China has made family planning a basic national policy,and the total population has been controlled to a certain extent.As a product of the special era,the rapid development of China’s economy largely depends on the dividends of rapid population growth.However,in the 21 st century,the generation who dedicated his youth and sweat is getting older,especially influenced by the urbanization process and early policies,China has entered the aging society ahead of time.The economic burden of the elderly to the society and family is increasing day by day,and the elderly in China is facing unprecedented pressure and challenges.China has a large population base,a weak foundation and economy resources and few per-capita resources.With the approaching of aging,pension has become a topic issue of increasing concern from all classes of life.With the diversified development of pension demand,it is difficult for family pension to continue,and the practical ethical problems brought by community pension and institutional pension are increasingly prominent.If we stick to the family pension,community and institutional pension model,it will not only be beneficial to the development of pension diversification,but also to the promotion of active aging.In view of the changes in the social population structure and the needs of social and economic development,Premier Li Keqiang stressed the development of home-based and community-based mutual pension during the 2018 NPC and CPPCC sessions.From the current domestic practice,there are various types of mutual pension: "time bank","Internet +professional service","social",etc.They are all effective forms of mutual aid for the elderly.The cost of mutual pension model is low.By building a harmonious community,it can not only alleviate the problem of simple solidification of traditional pension model,but also effectively promote the "positive aging" and Generation-to-generation harmony.However,there are still some problems can not be ignored in our country,especially in the ethical aspects: the contradiction with the ideal of "social integration",the inconsistency between morality and utility,the neglect of traditional filial piety,the lack of happiness in elder people,and the crisis of trust between volunteers and service recipients.Analyzing the causes of these ethical problems—the lack of domestic recognition of the concept of mutual support for the aged,the lack of construction of the relationship network among the elderly,the "negative aging" of the society and the imperfect system,which lead to the lack of development motivation of mutual support for the aged,etc.Therefore,in face of these ethical problems,we need to actively explore solutions,suchas from the policy level,the government can build a multi mechanism for the responsibility of the pension subject and build a mutual pension security system for urban and rural areas as a whole,to improve the service level of mutual pension,to determine the public welfare attribute of non-profit pension,to build a new mutual pension community;to achieve full care society.actively increase publicity,establish a new concept of mutual assistance for the aged,and absorb foreign excellent experience of mutual pension for the aged,such as "multi generation living" mutual pension model in Germany,the "village" mutual pension model in the United States,and the "neighborhood mutual aid network" pension model in our neighboring country Japan.Through strengthening the top-level design of mutual pension for the aged,continuing the Chinese traditional characteristics of the aged,making up for the lack of community and institutional pension,stimulating social vitality,and promoting the effective way of social co construction,so as to fundamentally solve the current difficulties faced by China at the level of mutual assistance for the aged,to construct China’s social pension security system coordinated with the reality of national economic and social development in the new era. |
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