| As ancient civilizations on both ends of the Eurasian continent,China and Turkey have formed similar destinies under the partition and aggression of Western powers in modern times.Early attempts to establish diplomatic relations were initiated in response to the aggression of the Western powers,but they failed to do so.The end of World War II was affected by the bipolar situation and the Cold War between the United States and the Soviet Union.It was not until August 4,1971 that the People’s Republic of China and the Republic of Turkey established diplomatic relations at the ambassadorial level.With the deepening of exchanges between the two countries,intermittent diplomatic confrontation has appeared in the relations between China and Turkey.The reasons for this phenomenon are worth exploring.Starting from the perspective of neoclassical realism in international politics,this article uses research methods such as process tracking,level analysis,and case comparison to explore the impact of the development of diplomatic relations between the two countries from the establishment of the People’s Republic of China in 1949 to the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and Turkey in 1971.The main factors restricting and promoting the role are intended to put forward a certain reflection on neoclassical realism,and provide reference and reference for the study of diplomatic relations between China and Turkey.First,through the process tracking method and the analytic hierarchy process,this article believes that the main factors affecting and restricting the development of bilateral relations between China and Turkey can be divided into the international system level and the domestic social level.In the context of the Cold War,under the pressure of power politics,small and medium-sized countries may adjust their foreign strategies to seek alliances with other larger state actors to ensure their own survival and safety.At the same time,the improvement of the national strength of the People’s Republic of China and the Republic of Turkey and the improvement of their international status have also created conditions for the establishment of diplomatic relations between the two countries.The variables of the international system,as a key factor affecting the development of China-Turkey relations,played a decisive role in the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and Turkey.However,the main reason for the intermittent diplomatic confrontation between China and Turkey after the establishment of diplomatic relations comes from the internal society of China and Turkey.Cultural level.Secondly,through comparative case studies,this article believes that social and cultural factors are the continuous factors that restrict the development of the relations between the two countries and the phased political conflicts.The social and cultural differences between China and Turkey include the following four aspects: First,the "pan-Islamist trend of thought" formed in modern times has continued to influence the relations between China and Turkey.This social trend of thought originated from Ottoman.The caliph system and the identity of the defender of the Islamic order in the imperial period;the second is the Turkish nationalism and the "pan-Turkist trend of thought" formed in the modern nation building process of Turkey after the disintegration of the Ottoman Empire,which has had an impact and continued on the relations between China and Turkey.So far;thirdly,during the Cold War between the United States and the Soviet Union,China and Turkey,which belonged to the Soviet Union and the United States,were affected by the "ideology" from the Soviet Union and the United States.This led to ideological confrontation that affected the development of bilateral relations between China and Turkey.Another factor;fourth is the "cognitive bias" caused by the lack of cultural exchanges between China and Turkey after the establishment of diplomatic relations.The continuous accumulation of the above-mentioned factors has made social culture a continuous motivation that affects and restricts the development of China-Turkey relations.Thirdly,in the research process,this article puts forward certain thinking about the neoclassical realism international political theory.These thoughts are derived from the objective phenomena encountered in the process of analyzing the diplomatic relations between China and Turkey,which are difficult to be explained by a series of structural realism and constructivist international political theories.The neoclassical realism international political theory provides an appropriate explanation and appropriate theoretical guidance and explanation path for this research.The neoclassical realism paradigm adds the variable of cognition to the research agenda,thereby finding a possible breakthrough for bridging the incommensurability between paradigms.At the same time,the introduction of too many intermediary variables makes neoclassical realism a more explanatory research framework.The development of Sino-Turkish relations has also verified the two core points of neoclassical realist international political theory: First,the structure of the international system plays a decisive role in the relationship between countries,but the structure of the international system has a regulatory role.It will also have an impact on relations between countries;second,structural adjustment factors will play a leading role in the relative danger of the country’s external environment and threats to national security interests,while cognitive factors can play a greater role in a more inclusive international environment.The impact of the role.Finally,this article believes that the main reason for the indirect diplomatic confrontation in the modern Sino-Turkish bilateral relationship is that it has been constructed since modern times,and gradually formed on the conceptual and cognitive levels of various social strata.The complex "ethnic,religious,spiritual,emotional,historical " Connections-This has led to the mutual dependence between China and Turkey in the form of confrontation and compromise to increase mutual exchanges and connections.China and Turkmenistan should further strengthen the friendly exchanges between the people of the two countries,so that the people of the two countries will reduce the difference in cognition and the negative evaluation caused by inadequate understanding.In addition,for a long time,the Turkish people and various social strata have actually completed and inherited the "descendants of the Ottoman Empire and Turkic cultural traditions." On the premise of non-interference in each other’s internal affairs,China and Turkey respect each other’s sovereignty and territorial integrity and seek common ground while reserving differences.Under the "Belt and Road" initiative,actively strengthen and consolidate cooperation between the two countries in the fields of trade,education,and tourism. |
