Research On Marx’s Machine Thought

With the wide application and promotion of intelligent machines in the artificial intelligence era,it has a profound impact on social productivity,mode of production and way of life.On the one hand,intelligent machines have greatly promoted the development of productivity in various industries in society,providing convenience and comfort to the world of public life with the characteristics of digitalization,automation and intelligence,and providing an important guarantee for the improvement of government governance capacity and the transformation of mode.On the other hand,intelligent machines also constantly show their potential social risks and negative effects,including the replacement of intelligent machines to human beings and social unemployment,the impact on the existing social legal system and ethical norms,the threat to government management,economic security and social stability.Facing the double effect of intelligent machine,we should go beyond the critical path of machine tool theory and machine autonomy theory and enter Marx’s social-political machine critical paradigm to study machine and its function in the social production mode.By explaining the technical logic,capital logic and life political logic of the machine,Marx opened the historical materialism criticism of the application of the capitalist mode of production of the machine,revealing that the problem of the machine lies not in the technology itself,but in the capitalist control of the machine,that is,in the specific mode of social production.Marx’s machine thought has three levels: First,it criticizes the technical logic of machine.In this process,Marx completed the traceability of the production of the machine,comparing the machine with the previous production tools,and exploring the reasons why the handicraft industry was eliminated.Marx believed that the generation of machinery was a revolution in productivity,and the formation of machine system led to the establishment of the factory system,all of which laid the foundation for the formation of capitalist mode of production.The second is the criticism of the capital logic of the machine.The machine itself does not produce value,but the machine accelerates the creation of residual value.Marx believed that the machine is not subjective,so the machine itself does not conflict with people.The problems of relative overpopulation,prolonged working days,enslavement of workers,and social polarization caused by machines are all caused by the capitalist application of machines.Third,it is a logical criticism of the life politics of machines.The capitalist power institutions act on the machine system through capital logic,so the machine system in the form of “substance” has the discipline,through the absorption of labor force and general intelligence,the machine system completes the training of the workers’ body and spirit,making people surrender to the machine.Facing the dual effect of the development of artificial intelligence,the most critical problem is to distinguish between the consequences of the machine as a“material means of production” itself and the effect of the “capitalist use of material production materials” of the machine,and to dissolve the dual control of the capital logic of the machine and the political logic of life at the level of social system.Therefore,to avoid the negative effects of artificial intelligence,the key lies in how to build a harmonious human-machine relationship from the institutional level.In the face of problems such as machine replacement and job losses caused by the development of artificial intelligence,a distinction should be made between “artificial intelligence technology itself”and “capitalist application of artificial intelligence”.The "negative effects of artificial intelligence itself" mainly stem from the uncertainty of technology itself and the transformation and upgrading of industrial structure.The“negative effect of the capitalist application of artificial intelligence” stems from the fact that artificial intelligence has become a new technology tool for contemporary capitalism to seize surplus value and gain capital accumulation.In this regard,we should pay attention to the productivity effect of the development of artificial intelligence,avoid the capital logic control of artificial intelligence,in order to build a harmonious relationship between human and machine integration.