On The Logic Of Alienation Thought In "Das Kapital"

Marx in the mature period did not give up the use of the concept of "alienation",but Marx’s exposition of "alienation" was concentrated in the manuscript of economics and philosophy in 1844,which led many scholars at home and abroad to believe that Marx’s alienation was only "labor alienation",while ignoring the switch of alienation from philosophy to economics,which was the first cover.The second cover is that it only focuses on the research of alienation in capital,and does not pay attention to the research on the evolution of alienation logic of capital,that is,"Humanistic logic-production logic-capital logic-financial logic".Through reinterpretation and contemporary expansion of the relevant discussions on alienation in Marx’s capital,this paper aims to（1）clarify the transformation process of Marx’s concept of alienation from humanistic logic to production logic from the previous period of capital to the period of capital;（2）Based on capital logic and financial logic,this paper analyzes the synchronic and diachronic manifestations of capital related alienation in capital and the ways to avoid alienation;（3）This paper discusses the Contemporary Enlightenment of alienation thought in capital,and expounds how socialist countries restrict and use capital.Firstly,taking capital as the boundary,this paper combs the development context of Early Marx’s alienation thought.It can be found that in the early stage,influenced by Hegel’s spiritual philosophy and Feuerbach’s humanistic philosophy,Marx used the concept of "alienation" with humanism to reveal that religion is the product of human essence alienation,and Marx said that the real liberation of man lies in the realization of political liberation.Therefore,with the establishment of historical materialism,Marx used less and less "alienation",and turned to economic terms to describe the phenomenon of alienation in capitalist society.Therefore,in capital,alienation has changed from "open line" to "dark line",and alienated labor has been replaced by hired labor and capital accumulated as labor.Secondly,it discusses alienation based on production logic and capital logic,which gradually occurs in the three stages of production,realization and distribution of surplus value.Starting from the employment labor and according to the four aspects of labor alienation,Marx analyzed the opposition between workers and labor objects,labor itself and capitalists in the employment labor.Then it points out that "fetishism" is the epistemological expression of alienation in three types of objects: goods,money and capital,that is,people’s worship of things,people’s worship of gold and silver,and capitalists as personalized capital.Alienation under capital logic is finally manifested in capital paradox,capital self denial and economic crisis.Thirdly,it discusses the performance of alienation in today’s western capitalist society based on financial logic.Capitalism has entered the era of financial capital.The emergence of credit system and virtual capital will inevitably lead to the independence of financial capital,from providing credit services to financial monopoly,replacing the traditional form of investment profit,which will lead to alienation.As an extension of capital,the alienation related to financial capital is manifested in the alienation of capital profit,capital function,capital personality and capital relationship.Finally,based on the position of Marxist political economy,this paper reflects on the positioning of capital in the socialist market economy,and puts forward that we should correctly understand and grasp the characteristics and behavior laws of capital,give full play to the positive role of capital as a factor of production,and effectively control the negative role of capital.The socialist market economic system is the theoretical crystallization of the Sinicization of Marxism,and there are various forms of capital.Therefore,to effectively supervise capital and avoid the barbaric growth of capital,the primary task is to adhere to and improve the basic socialist economic system,unswervingly consolidate and develop the public economy,and unswervingly encourage,support and guide the development of non-public economy.