Study On The Physical Fitness And Influencing Factors Of Young Children In Five Ethnic Groups Of Yunnan Province

Research purpose: The purpose of this article is to study the physical status of 3,6-year-old Yi,Han,Hani,Bai,and Dai children in Yunnan Province.And explore the influence of factors such as regional economic level,geographical environment,genetics and lifestyle on children’s physical fitness.It is hoped to provide a reference for the study of the physical fitness of minority children and provide ideas for developing effective interventions to improve the physical fitness of children in Yunnan Province.Research methods: A total of 93,229 children aged 3 to 6（48834 boys and44395 girls）were included in the study,perform physical tests on young children in accordance with the "National Physical Fitness Measurement Standards"（preschool children’s part）;Collect the economic level,geographical environment data and humanistic data of various regions by consulting the Yunnan Yearbook and browsing the China Meteorological Data Network;the parents of the tested children filled in the children’ diet,sleep,outdoor sports and other situations through online questionnaires,and collected the total 3,798 valid questionnaires.Results: A total of 93,229 children were included in this study.Except for sit and reach,the body shape and physical fitness of children in Yunnan Province increased significantly with age（P <0.05）.The HRrest of Yi,Hani,Han,and Dai children was decreased with age in the normal range（P <0.05）.In the comparison of male and female children,height,weight,ten-meter return run（except for Bai children and 4-year-old Hani children）,standing long jump（except for 3-year-old children of all ethnic groups）,tennis throw（except for 3-year-old Bai）Both male children develop faster than female children（P <0.05）,while sit and reach（except for 3-year-old Yi,Hani,and Bai children）is the opposite（P <0.05）.There was no difference in the performance of male and female infants walking on balance beams and step by step.Differences among children of different ethnic groups vary according to age and gender.Overall,the children’s physique ranking among the five ethnic groups is Han> Yi> Hani,Dai> Bai.Children’s height was negatively correlated with regional latitude（r =-0.662,P<0.01）,and children’s tennis long throw performance was negatively correlated with longitude and observation station altitude（r =-0.554,P<0.01;r =-0.6058,P<0.01）,which is positively correlated with the temperature index.From the collected questionnaires,the higher the father’s height,the higher the child’s height（β = 0.092,P<0.01）and the heavier weight（β = 0.082,P<0.01）.The higher the mother’s height,the higher the child’s height（β = 0.169,P<0.01）.The height,weight,and BMI of cesarean children were significantly higher than those of normal childbirth children（β = 0.048,P<0.01;β = 0.080,P<0.01;β = 0.059,P<0.01）,and the caesarean children took a longer balance beam（β = 0.056,P<0.01）.The height,weight and BMI of children with picky eaters were significantly lower than those without picky eaters（β =-0.028,P<0.01;β =-0.060,P<0.01;β =-0.063,P<0.01）.Children who drank sugary beverages once or twice a week had a higher BMI than children who did not drink sugary beverages（β = 0.039,P = 0.037）,and children who loved sugary beverages had a poorer performance in the sit and reach,ten-meter return run,step by step.Children who have been outdoors for more than 60 minutes per day are taller than children who are not outdoors（β = 0.085,P = 0.015）.Standing long jumps,tennis throws,and continuous double-leg jumps also perform better（β = 0.1,P = 0.019;β = 0.145,P<0.01;β =-0.147,P<0.01）.Conclusions: 3 to 6 years old is an important period for the development of children’s physical fitness.Most of the children’s quality and functional levels have improved significantly during this period.There are gender differences in the developmental characteristics of children.Caesarean sections are not conducive to the development of children’s balance.Sufficient sleep time helps the healthy development of children’s hearts.Drinking sugary beverages is not good for children’s sensitivity,flexibility and coordination.Sexual development and sufficient time for outdoor activities can help children develop explosiveness,coordination,and muscle strength.Regions with higher economic levels should pay attention to children’s overweight and obesity.Parents and children’s teachers should cultivate children to develop healthy eating habits,ensure that children have sufficient sleep time,at the same time give full play to the rich entertainment methods of ethnic minorities,and encourage children to take more outdoor activities to improve the physical fitness of young children.