| With the continuous growth of China’s economy and the continuous improvement of urbanization level,the phenomenon of population agglomeration and spatial expansion has emerged one after another.There are serious traffic congestion and increasingly aggravated environmental pollution in large cities.In the process of urban development,urban public transport plays an important role,which is closely related to urban spatial structure,economic development and urban appearance.Urban rail transit is an important part of public transport,which has the characteristics of large capacity,punctuality and environmental protection.As a fast and low-carbon mode of travel,it has been highly promoted.More and more cities begin to vigorously develop and construct urban rail transit to meet the growing urban scale and traffic demand.In recent years,the scale and quality of urban rail transit development have been greatly improved,and the role of urban rail transit in urban development has become more and more important.It has a positive contribution to the social and economic benefits of the city.For urban social development,employment is the foundation of people’s livelihood,and labor resources,especially advanced labor resources,are the country’s.As for the development of urban economy,only sustainable optimization of industrial structure is an important prerequisite to maintain the upward development of China’s economy.Therefore,to study the social and economic impact of urban rail transit through employment and industrial structure optimization is of great significance to urban rail transit itself and the future development of the city.Based on the new economic geography theory,this paper focuses on the impact of urban rail transit on employment and industrial structure optimization to study the social and economic benefits brought by urban rail transit.Firstly,this paper systematically combs the domestic and foreign literature on urban rail transit,employment effect and industrial structure optimization.Secondly,it summarizes and analyses the development situation of urban rail transit,the concept and status quo of employment effect,and the concept and status quo of industrial structure optimization.It includes the new economic geography theory,employment and industrial structure theory,and then makes an empirical analysis based on the continuous double difference model using panel data of 72 cities from 2000 to 2017,which is divided into three parts: the impact of urban rail transit on employment effect,heterogeneity analysis and the impact of urban rail transit on industrial structure optimization are carried out,and robustness test is carried out on the basis of basic test.Finally,the empirical results are summarized and summarized to provide policy recommendations for promoting the sustainable development of urban rail transit.Through the above theoretical and empirical analysis,this paper draws the following conclusions:(1)From the overall employment situation,the opening of urban rail transit can bring about an increase in employment demand and employment supply for the city.(2)According to the employment situation of the three industries,urban rail transit has the most significant impact on the employment of tertiary industry service industry.By dividing the tertiary industry into producer service industry,consumer service industry and public service industry,it is found that rail transit has an obvious pulling effect on producer service industry and consumer service industry.Especially the consumer service industry.(3)From the perspective of industry heterogeneity,the third industry is divided into 14 industries to study.It is found that the five most influential industries of urban rail transit are information transmission,computer service software industry,real estate industry,rental and commercial services,wholesale and retail trade and accommodation and catering industry.(4)From the perspective of scale and regional heterogeneity,the opening of urban rail transit mainly promotes the employment of large cities and relatively developed eastern cities,and has less impact on the employment of relatively underdeveloped central and western cities and smaller cities.(5)From the perspective of industrial structure optimization,urban rail transit has a significant role in promoting the optimization and upgrading of urban industrial structure. |
