A Study On Gender Differences In Wage Punishment From The Perspective Of Overeducation

Gender equality is the goal pursued by modern economic society,and it plays an important role in social stability and economic development.In order to promote gender equality,my country has made great efforts in many aspects,such as writing equality between men and women into basic national policies and improving relevant laws and regulations.Gender equality includes equality of access to education.my country’s nine-year compulsory education system and higher education expansion policy can promote education equality.These policies have allowed the rapid development of my country’s education,but when the labor market cannot keep up Corresponding problems will arise when the speed of education is increasing.The phenomenon of over-education is produced in this situation.Over-education means that the number of years of education of workers is greater than the number of years of education required by the job position.Over-education will bring many negative effects.For example,the rate of return to education for laborers will decrease.The decline in the rate of return indicates that the laborers are not getting the wages they deserve,and the wages that the laborers receive are low,indicating that the laborers have been punished by wages.Many scholars at home and abroad have conducted researches on over-education and wage punishment caused by over-education,summed up four factors affecting personal,work,society,and family,and gave insights from various aspects.Gender has always been a very important factor among personal factors.Studies have found that women receive higher wage penalties than men,but this difference has not been tested quantitatively.Through combing the literature,it is found that most of the literature only summarizes the influencing factors of education income risk.How these factors affect the salary punishment caused by over-education has not been analyzed in detail.This paper uses the data from the China Comprehensive Social Survey(CGSS)in 2017,uses the OLS model and the propensity score matching method(PSM)to study the gender difference in wage punishment,analyzes whether this difference is statistically significant,and then influences The important factors of wage penalties are analyzed for heterogeneity,and the reasons for gender differences in wage penalties are explored.According to the conclusions of this article,there are gender differences in wage punishments caused by over-education.Women receive higher wage punishments than men and pass the measurement test,indicating that the current gender inequality problem still exists in our country.In order to further explore the influence of family factors on gender differences in over-education,this paper conducts a heterogeneous analysis,and regresses the parent’s education level and parent’s unit type as interaction terms with gender respectively,and draws two main conclusions: No.First,the mother’s education level will affect the gender difference in wage punishment,which is manifested as the higher the mother’s education level,the smaller the gender difference in wage punishment;second,whether the father has a formal unit will also have an important impact on the gender difference in wage punishment,When the father has a formal unit,the gender gap in wage punishment will be reduced.