Study On The Education Of Students’ Autonomy: Perspective From Sartre’s Autonomy Thoughts

Educating people with autonomous ability is one of core goals of education.It has always been a difficult problem in educational theory and practice that what students’ autonomy is and how to educate it.Students’ autonomy and its education has attracted attention of both theorists and practitioners.“The goal of education is to inspire and guide students on their path of self-development.” Studying the connotation and influence factors of students’ autonomy,and exploring the dynamic balance between students’ autonomy and educational intervention in order to continuously promote the formation and development of students’ autonomy.It is the premise that realizing the triggered and oriented function of education and the cultivation of students’ self-development,and so as to liberate and regulate students.Sartre,as one of the most important representatives of existentialism,separates autonomy from spiritual freedom and places it into practical action.His autonomy thought is conducive to expanding autonomy research ideas based on theoretical background of voluntarism,enriching the research perspective of student autonomy,and promoting the connotation of students’ autonomy to break through the limitations of internal mental activities.Moreover,it is beneficial to tackle the problem of relationship between autonomy and external influence,provide the possibility to explore the cultivation of students’ autonomy from the perspective of practice,and make it possible to explore the education of students’ autonomy from a practical perspective.This study takes the joint between autonomy and freedom in Sartre’s existentialism as a starting point,and consequently to summarize Sartre’s thought of autonomy,including connotation,structure,characteristics and mechanism of autonomy in terms of analyzing intrinsic relationship of autonomy,freedom and their related concepts.Based on Sartre’s thought of autonomy and the special status and situation of students,this study try to define the connotation of students’ autonomy,which means that “Students mobilize their consciousness to cope with and participating in learning situation independently and actively in order to realize their learning schemes,and constantly confirm themselves through choosing and taking responsibility in the whole activity composed of objective,motivation and action”.According to Sartre’s thoughts of autonomy,students’ consciousness and situation are two main factors affecting autonomy: their motivation and reflection affect autonomous consciousness;their past,surroundings and neighbors,affect autonomous situation.Based on the analysis of affecting factors,by relating to actual conditions and real problems of students’ learning and teachers’ teaching,the enlightenment of cultivating students’ autonomy is given: stimulating students’ positive emotional motivation and deepening students’ reflective consciousness to authenticity contribute to awakening students’ autonomous consciousness;circulating students’ experience,instrumentalizing students’ physical environment and balancing students’ interpersonal environment promote the creation of autonomous situation.