Research On The Effect Of Fiscal Expenditure On Employment From The Perspective Of Public Service

Employment is the foundation of people’s livelihood,and it is also the greatest livelihood.As the first of "six stability" and "six guarantees",ensuring employment means ensuring people’s livelihood.The Proposal of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on Formulating the Tenth Five-Year Plan and the Long-term Goals in 2035 clearly stated that it is necessary to strengthen the employment priority policy,do everything possible to stabilize and expand employment.As an important content of high-quality development,"promoting higher-quality employment" is not only in line with people’s yearning for a better life,but also an inevitable demand for promoting high-quality development and achieving common prosperity in the new era.Fiscal expenditure is the main means of the government’s macroeconomic governance,and its impact on employment is important and multifaceted.Good public service can not only provide convenience for residents’ production and life,but also improve the circulation efficiency of information,resources and elements,improve the quality of personnel training,bring more employment opportunities and jobs,and promote the development of new industries and innovative employment.The promotion of public service benefits from the support of fiscal expenditure.On the other hand,China’s economic growth power is in a critical period from investment-driven to innovation-driven.How to dialectical treat the positive and external effects of investment demand and objectively grasp the direction of fiscal expenditure is an important content of China’s macroeconomic governance.Therefore,it is of great research significance to clarify how fiscal expenditure affects employment through public services,clarify the role of public services in the path of fiscal expenditure promoting employment,evaluate the effect differences of different levels of public services,and accurately identify the specific direction of fiscal expenditure supporting public services in different regions to promote employment.Based on this,this thesis conducts relevant research.First of all,it analyzes the related theories of fiscal expenditure affecting employment.Starting from the concepts of employment,fiscal expenditure and public service,this thesis systematically expounds the theoretical basis of fiscal expenditure affecting employment,such as Keynesian school related theories,labor market theory,Tibut’s "voting with one’s feet" theory and public finance theory,and analyzes the mechanism of fiscal expenditure promoting employment from the comprehensive perspective,economic nature perspective and project function perspective.Secondly,it summarizes the historical evolution of China’s fiscal expenditure policy to promote employment.It is divided into four stages: the dual-track system period,the market economy reform period,the active employment policy period and the employment priority strategy period.The realistic consideration of fiscal expenditure policy to promote employment is discussed in stages.Based on the review of the history of policy evolution,this thesis evaluates the fiscal expenditure policy of promoting employment in China.At present,China’s financial expenditure for promoting employment is insufficient,the structure of financial expenditure is not reasonable enough,and there are obvious differences in public services for promoting employment in different regions.Then,based on the perspective of public service,an empirical study is made on the impact of fiscal expenditure on employment promotion.Construct a comprehensive evaluation system of basic,developmental and optimized public services,and test the intermediary effect and spatial heterogeneity of public services in the path of fiscal expenditure affecting employment.The results show that fiscal expenditure can promote employment,the promotion of public service is conducive to the development of employment,and public service is an effective transmission medium for fiscal expenditure to promote employment.However,the intermediary effects of different levels of public services are different and show spatial differences.Among them,the intermediary effect of basic public service is the strongest.The overall effect situation in the eastern region is the best,with great differences among different regions.The effects of developmental public services such as higher education and quality of life in the central and western regions are quite different from those in the eastern region,and the fiscal expenditure has not yet formed a fully mature system to promote employment by promoting public services.Finally,some suggestions are put forward to optimize the fiscal expenditure policy for promoting employment.Specifically,it includes: increasing financial expenditure support and optimizing the structure of financial expenditure;Expand the scale of education expenditure and strengthen the improvement of the quality of employed people;Coordinate regional differences reasonably and refine the supply of public services;Improve relevant supporting measures to enhance the employment promotion effect.