Research On The Rationality Of The Spatial Layout Of Public Toilets Based On POI Data From The Perspective Of Urban Functional Areas

In the process of urban construction,the contradiction between the growing demand of residents and the shortage of public services has gradually become prominent.It has become an urgent need for social development to continuously improve the supporting construction and layout of public facilities and actively build a city with equal public services.More and more attention has been paid to the rational allocation of urban public facilities.As a window for the image of urban civilization,public toilets not only provide convenience for locals,but are also an indispensable public activity place for foreign travelers.In recent years,it has become the mainstream model of public toilet service evaluation by using the influencing factors of attracting population vitality to judge the prosperity of the area where public toilets are located and then evaluate the usage of public toilets.Relevant open source datasets provide new data support for exploring the heterogeneity of public toilets,with a large amount of data,rich data attributes,and comprehensive data types.By dividing the spatial grid units,relying on the TF-IDF algorithm and POI data,the types of Shanghai urban functional areas are identified,and the travel vitality index is calculated by combining Open Street Map road network density data and World Pop population data,and then planning according to the urban functional areas and the population travel vitality index.The number of public toilets and the current spatial distribution of public toilets are analyzed for correlation.The experimental results show that the method system established in this paper is more accurate in measuring the demand and configuration of public toilets,and the results of public toilet service evaluation are more reasonable and better than the traditional evaluation system.The purpose of this study is to provide scientific decisionmaking reference for the resource allocation of public facilities,urban planning,and even the sustainable development of cities in the process of new urbanization construction.The main conclusions of this paper are as follows:(1)Based on POI data and word frequency-inverse text frequency information weighting technology,the identification of urban functional areas is more accurate.The results of random sampling survey show that the accuracy rate reaches 85.0%,which fully meets the research needs from the perspective of urban functional areas.(2)The calculation of the travel population vitality index,considering the Open Street Map road network density data,the World Pop population data and the type of urban functional areas,obtains the distribution map of the travel population vitality index in all areas of Shanghai.Compared with the traditional population attractiveness calculation method based on some points of interest,the accuracy of the travel vitality index is improved,which is in line with reality and is conducive to the evaluation of public service efficiency.(3)Looking at the evaluation results of public toilet services from the perspective of spatial distribution,excellent areas are mainly concentrated in areas with highly developed commerce and industrial areas.Most of the good and qualified areas are concentrated in the edge of the excellent area,and there is a clear trend of decay from the center to the periphery.Most of the unqualified areas are located around high-grade roads such as expressways and provincial roads.The functional areas with poor public toilet services are mainly concentrated in the outer suburbs of the city,and the coverage of public facilities is low.(4)Looking at the evaluation results of public toilet services from the perspective of urban functional areas,there are more businesses in the commercial service functional area,and the public toilet qualifications of the commercial functional area and the industrial commercial service combined functional area are the top two among all functional areas.The rate reached 49.14%.The qualification rate in the public function area is the lowest,only 10.27%.(5)The configuration of public toilets in Shanghai is generally good.There is a significant decrease from the urban area of Shanghai to the southwest,southeast,Chongming Island and other outer suburbs,while the service capacity of public toilets does not decrease significantly from the urban area of Shanghai to the northwest suburbs.,showing a contiguous better service capability.The average space coverage rate reached 67.31%,and the average population coverage rate reached 70.72%.The configuration of public toilets generally fits the population distribution,and the spatial balance is also high.(6)The spatial distribution of public toilet service level and the balance of population distribution are significantly different from the central city to the peripheral suburbs,and the imbalance index ranges from 0 to 0.76,of which 69.34% of the streets and towns have an imbalance index of less than 0.4.