Preparation And Application Of Nanomaterials For Blood Purification

The exogenous and endogenous toxin enter the blood through the external environment or produced by tissues and cells in the body,and circulate through the blood to the other organs and tissues,seriously endangering human health.Therefore,it is of great significance to design the new type of blood toxin nanoremover with biological safety.Based on the characteristics of toxin in the blood and the existential state,the functional magnetic composite materials with good biocompatibility has been designed and synthesized in this work,and its preparation technology,biocompatibility and removal process have been researched.The main work is as follows:1.The current difficulty in the treatment of blood lead ion（Pb（II））poisoning lies in how to effectively remove Pb（II）,which is mainly located inside red blood cells（>95%）and complexed with hemoglobin.At the same time,it does not cause damage to the blood environment.Herein,a new blood Pb（Ⅱ）nanoremover that can enter the red blood cells to remove Pb（Ⅱ）was designed.Specifically,tetraethylorthosilicate was used to product pore-rich silica shell outside Fe₃O₄nanoparticles,and the chelating agent meso-2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid（DMSA）was modified inside the pore to prepare a DMSA-modified magnetic nanoremover（Fe₃O₄/m Si/D）.The experimental results show that the synthesized Fe₃O₄/m Si/D has a relatively uniform size and regular pore structure.In the blood,Fe₃O₄/m Si/D will not cause obvious hemolysis and coagulation,and can evade the phagocytosis of the immune system and enter the red blood cells.Then,through strong coordination of sulfhydryl（or carboxyl）,Fe₃O₄/m Si/D can adsorb Pb（Ⅱ）,and finally be separated from blood by magnetic effect to achieve effective removal of blood Pb（Ⅱ）（The removal efficiency is 73.5%after acting for 0.5 h）.2.In order to further enhance the contact probability of nanoremover with Pb（II）inside red blood cells,this article introduces the concept of nanomotor into the blood Pb（II）removal process,which is mainly based on the fact that nanomotors have been proven to be able to convert different types of energy to drive themselves in different solution.Herein,a kind of magnetic nanomotor remover（Fe₃O₄@DMSA）with movement ability under alternating magnetic field based on Fe₃O₄nanoparticle modified with chelating agent DMSA was prepared.The structural characterization and biocompatibility experiments show that the synthesized Fe₃O₄@DMSA has uniform size,good magnetic properties and biocompatibility.In the blood,Fe₃O₄@DMSA can enter the red blood cells,then the contact probability between Fe₃O₄@DMSA and the Pb（II）-contaminated Hb can be increased by the active movement of Fe₃O₄@DMSA.Through the strong coordination of sulfhydryl（or carboxyl）,Fe₃O₄@DMSA can adsorb Pb（II）.The removal experiments show that Fe₃O₄@DMSA has a better removal effect on blood Pb（II）under the control of external alternating magnetic field（The removal efficiency is 80.6%after acting for 0.5 h）.Finally,an extracorporeal blood circulation device was constructed to remove Pb（II）from the animal pig model,further proving that the Fe₃O₄@DMSA has good removal performance（first circulation efficiency is 43%,second circulation efficiency is 51%）,which may provide innovative ideas for blood heavy metal removal in the future.3.The design of the magnetic core-shell nanoremover was extended to the removal of blood urinary toxins.Aiming at the difficulty of removal urinary toxin molecules bound to macromolecular proteins in the blood,a new type of urinary toxins nanoremover which can replace the bound urinary toxins molecules into free state and remove them was prepared.Specifically,the metal-organic frame（MOF）material with abundant pores was synthesized on the outside of Fe₃O₄nanoparticle by in-situ one-step synthesis technology,and ibuprofen（IBU）was modified to the inside of the pores to obtain magnetic MOF nanoremover（Fe₃O₄/MOF/IBU）.The morphology and structure of Fe₃O₄/MOF/IBU were characterized by structure characterization experiments.The blood coagulation time detection,hemolysis rate experiment and cell activity experiment show that Fe₃O₄/MOF/IBU has good biocompatibility.The removal experiments show that the removal amount of Fe₃O₄/MOF to potassium p-cresol sulfate in aqueous solution can reach25.5 mg g^-1.In serum albumin solution,IBU in Fe₃O₄/MOF/IBU can be released quickly and the removal efficiency of urinary toxin molecules（potassium p-cresol sulfate）is effectively improved through the displacement of IBU.In the blood,when the initial concentration of potassium p-cresol sulfate was 100 ppm,the removing efficiency of Fe₃O₄/MOF/IBU is about 26.7%.