| Yanla Township(between eastern longitude 105°53?18?-106°3?54?,northern latitude 25°59?9?-26°7?)sits in Xixiu District,Anshun City,Guizhou Province,bordering on Jichang Township of Xixiu District,Xinchang Township of Xixiu District,Geli Township of Zhenning County,jianglong Town of Zhenning County,Maoyun Town,Ziyun County and so on.Yanla Township is a state-level key poverty-stricken township.Yanla Township and surrounding areas,in recent years,grow ancient tea trees intensively.There are lots of ancient tea tree resources in Yanla township and its surrounding areas,about 30,000 trees,which are rich in resources.The local protection of ancient tea tree resources is not optimistic.The development and utilization are just blank.Based upon the study in the ancient tea tree resources in Yanla township,the machining suitability was preliminarily studied for the sake of providing reference for the protection and exploitation of ancient tea tree resources in Yanla Township.Sensory evaluation has been conducted on the samples of ancient tea tree spring tip,autumn tip processing production of black tea,green tea,and white tea from Yanla Township and surrounding areas.The black tea,green tea and white tea processed by the state-level improved variety "Fuding White Tea",which has a large planting area promoted in Anshun,were taken as the control in the present study.The main results are as follows:1.Ancient tea trees grown in Yanla Township are mainly artificial cultivation of ancient tea trees.Most of them are direct propagation of tea seeds.The population variation of offspring is abundant and the genetic characters are diverse.2.Yanla ancient tea trees are mainly shrub-type tea trees.Arboreal tea trees are rare.Change variation of tree height is 1.4m-5.1m,average tree height is 2.46 m,87.5%of the samples are below 3m,and 10 are above 4m,accounting for 5% of the total number of samples;Trunk diameter variation: 7cm-30 cm,mean value: 15.66cm;Average branch series of the trunk is 4.5,the variation is 3 to 7,and the tea trees in branch series 4 accounts for 66%.3.Yanla ancient tea leaves are mainly lobules.Variation of leave length: 4-14 cm,average length 7.61cm;Shape of leave(proportion): lanceolate 31.5%,suborbicular29.5%,elliptic 11.5%,oblong 11.5%,and obovate 16%.4.Polyphenol content of one bud and two leaves of Yanla ancient tea tree in spring >30%,amino acid content <3%,with phenol ammonia higher than 10.5.In ancient tea tree spring shoots of Yanla Township,the water extract content of green tea,black tea and white tea are 48.26%,42.97%,and 50.82% respectively;Total amount of free amino acid are 2.73%,2.72%,and 3.01%;Tea polyphenols content are 29.81%,19.31%,and 22.25%,respectively;Caffeine contents are 3.16%,3.55%,and 3.86%,respectively.In ancient tea tree autumn shoots of Yanla Township,the water extract content of green tea,black tea and white tea are 44.95%,53.15%,and50.18% respectively;Total amount of free amino acid are 2.42%,2.66%,and 2.62%;Tea polyphenol contents are 31.32%,22.61%,and 29.55%,respectively;Caffeine contents are 4.26%,4.56%,and 4.23%,respectively.In conclusion,the ancient tea tree population in Yanla Township and surrounding areas is rich in variation.There are a large number of ancient tea tree resources,with ancient tea trees in urgent need of protection.Local ancient tea tree resources have product development value.Upon comprehensive comparison,main component content and sensory evaluation of three kinds of tea,it turns out: The quality of ancient tree black tea and green tea is comparatively good.Compared with the samples of Fuding White tea varieties,the palate is richer and more structured with a distinctive floral aroma,and the ancient tea tree raw materials can be red and green tea both;Among them,spring fresh leaves feature strong tenderness,small bud leaves and low phenol ammonia,suitable for making green tea;in contrast,the phenol ammonia of fresh leaves in autumn was higher than that in spring,suitable for making both green tea and black tea. |
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