Research On The Identification System Of Physical And Mental Characteristics Of "Five Elements" Based On Ancient Documents

BackgroundAs one of the characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine,TCM constitution theory has attracted much attention and attention in contemporary clinical practice.As early as in Huangdi Neijing(The Yellow Emperor's Inner Classic)(hereinafter referred to as Neijing),the constitution classification has been constructed from many angles,among which the Wuxing(??,five elements)Constitution" is comprehensive and detailed.According to modern literature retrieval,although there are some research reports on "Wuxing Constitution" in modern times,its potential advantages in "preventing diseases,and preventing diseases are far from being fully explored and applied.The reason may be related to the disunity of later generations' understanding of "Wuxing Ren"(???,five-element classification of people)and the lack of standardized and operable identification standards.According to the ancient literature retrieval,since the "Wuxing Ren" was put forward in Neijing,besides being recorded in medical literature,the literature of physiognomy is also an important source of information about the "Wuxing Ren",and some literature of humanities and social sciences is also reflected.In view of the inconsistent identification basis of the"Wuxing Ren" and the differences in ancient literature records,it is necessary to dig and refine the relevant contents of the "Wuxing Ren" in ancient literature by tracing the source.ObjectiveThe purpose of this study is to systematically consult and sort out the related contents of"Wuxing Ren" in ancient literature,and to sort out the development of Wuxing Constitution Theory;Based on the modern understanding of "body" and "heart",according to the description of "Wuxing Ren" and their subtypes and faculties in medical,physiognomy,humanities and social sciences literature,the identification system of physical and mental characteristics of "Wuxing Ren" is constructed;Discuss the application value of "Wuxing Constitution" in ancient literature.Method1.Literature source:The scope of literature selection is ancient literature from the pre-Qin period to the Republic of China,and the retrieval methods included database and paper books,the databases mainly include the database retrieval platform of the Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Library(including the Chinese Medicine think tank,the Xinglin Yuan Chinese medicine database,the Diaolong ancient books database,the digitalization platform of ancient books and books of the Republic of China),the database retrieval platform of the Chinese Academy of Chinese Medicine(including the Digital Library of ancient books of Chinese Medicine,the clinical-oriented knowledge relation database of ancient books of Chinese Medicine,the collection of ancient books of Chinese Medicine),the database of the Chinese Medical classics,and the database of the masters of Chinese Studies,the paper books come from the Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Collection and from literature purchased by the project team.2.Literature retrieval:The Literature retrieval mainly uses the computer to retrieve the database,accesses with the manual search paper book to combine the way.The database retrieval first sets up the retrieval key words,such as "Wuxing or Wuxing Ren",and then further retrieves the specific key words of each shape,such as "Mu(?,wood),or Muxing Ren(???,wood-pattern person)",other "Wuxing Ren" each of the specific key words and so on,after re-processing,according to the literature description,delete the provisions that do not conform to the obvious,and manual retrieval of the paper books,to ensure accuracy.3.Literature inclusion and exclusion(1)literature inclusion:Literature that explicitly refers to the "Wuxing Ren" or its related expressions;(2)literature exclusion:inconsistent with the subject of the study;literature does not have a clear source;literature is clearly inaccurate.4.Literature analysis method:This study systematically combs and analyzes ancient documents according to the origin of Wuxing Constitution Theory,the construction of physical and mental characteristics identification system of "Wuxing Ren" and the application of "Wuxing Constitution" in ancient documents.Among them,the second part is the key content of this study,which divides the literature into three categories:medicine,philology and humanities and social sciences,and sorts out and analyzes them respectively.Based on the modern understanding of "body" and "heart",the physical characteristics content framework of "Wuxing Ren" is established by referring to the contents of inspection(overall and partial inspection)and auscultation and olfaction(voice)in the teaching materials of TCM diagnostics;With reference to modern psychology,the content framework of psychological characteristics of "Wuxing Ren" is established according to psychological terms such as ability,temperament,character,motivation,will and values.By using the bibliometrics research method of frequency statistics,this paper counts the frequency of appearance of the descriptions of "Wuxing Ren" and their sub-and concurrent physical and mental characteristics in the above three kinds of documents,and construct the identification system of "Wuxing Ren" physical and mental characteristics according to the frequency of appearance and those with high consistency,and extracts the key points of "Wuxing Ren"physical identification.Result1.Summary of the origin and development of Wuxing Constitution Theory:Wuxing Constitution Theory was formally formed in Neijing,enriched from Three Kingdoms to Sui and Tang Dynasties,further expanded in the Five Dynasties,Song and Yuan Dynasties,and fully developed from Ming and Qing Dynasties to the Republic of China.Among them,Neijing constructs the basic physical types and subtypes of "Wuxing Ren";From the Three Kingdoms to Sui and Tang Dynasties,the related terms of "Five Elements" became more diversified,and the understanding of "Wuxing Ren" in medical and non-medical literature began to differ;During the Five Dynasties,Song and Yuan Dynasties,the understanding of"Wuxing Ren" in the literature of physiognomy and the construction of "Wuxing Ren" further expanded Wuxing Constitution Theory;From the Ming and Qing Dynasties to the Republic of China,both medical and non-medical literature inherited and developed the predecessors understanding of "Wuxing Ren",and Wuxing Constitution Theory was fully developed.2.Identification points of "Wuxing Ren":This study constructs the frame and identification system of physical and mental characteristics of "Wuxing Ren",and refines the key points of physical identification of "Wuxing Ren".The physical characteristics of "Muxing Ren" are:slender and straight,thick bones,light movements,small and raised head,sparse hair,green and shiny complexion,long face,high forehead,sparse and handsome eyebrows,slender and handsome eyes,long and straight nose,thin lip lines,long neck,straight back width,thin and round waist,long limbs,straight shoulder width,small hands,thin palms and slender fingers;The psychological characteristics are as follows:outstanding ability,kindness,quietness,steady beauty cultivation,worry,gentleness and perseverance.The physical characteristics of"Huoxing Ren"(???,fire-pattern person)are:fat and sharp,with more bones and less meat,quick movement,small and sharp head,red and shiny complexion,small face,sharp top and wide bottom,high and sharp forehead,prominent cheekbones,sparse eyebrows,high and sharp ears,shaking tip of ears,tip of nose tilted,sharp mouth,wide lips,bareteeth,full back muscles,straight belly,protruding chest and full shoulder muscles;The psychological characteristics are as follows:play by ear,be smart and quick,be respectful and respectful,be brave and resolute,be irritable,be confident and pragmatic,and not admire fame and fortune.The physical characteristics of "Tuxing Ren"(???,soil-pattern person)are:fat and short,inconspicuous bones and muscles,steady movements,big and straight head,thick hair,yellow and less luster,thick and fat face,prominent cheekbones,plump cheeks,square chin,long eyes,thick ears,long nose,square mouth,thick lips,short neck,thick back,thick and wide abdomen,thick waist,wide shoulders and arms;The psychological characteristics are as follows:doing things laboriously,being serene and heavy,being honest and sincere,thinking deeply and paying attention to others.The physical characteristics of "Jinxing Ren"(???,gold-pattern person)are:thin and square,firm and fleshy,vigorous,small and round head,sparse hair,white and shiny complexion,square face,square three stops,square forehead.prominent cheekbones,prominent cheeks,delicate eyebrows,delicate eyes,straight ears,square nose and mouth,suitable lips and teeth,narrow and thick back,round belly and round waist;The psychological characteristics are as follows:excellent intelligence,strict management,resolute and brave,smart,honest and fair.The physical characteristics of"Shuixing Ren"(???,water-pattern person)are:fat and short,straight bones,unstable movements,big and fat head,thick hair,dark and shiny complexion,uneven and fat face,full forehead,wide cheeks,Fiona Fang chin,thick and thick eyebrows,big and fat eyes,fat ears.fat nose,big and fat mouth,wide lips,fat neck and high and long back;The psychological characteristics are as follows:intelligent and sensitive,cunning and deceitful,rigorous and rational.3.Application of "Wuxing Constitution" in ancient literature:"Wuxing Constitution" is mainly used to predict the incidence tendency,guide the treatment,identify the constitution characteristics and infer the longevity.Among them,the former is mainly based on the principle of restraint of Five Elements and the physical characteristics of "Wuxing Ren"themselves;The latter is mainly based on the overall and local characteristics of the "Waxing Ren",which is inferred from the strength of individual physical endowment and the integration of Chinese traditional philosophical elements such as Five Elements and Image Thinking.Conclusion1."Wuxing Ren" was formally formed in Neijing,and the later medical literature basically followed the understanding of "Wuxing Ren" in Neijing.The literature of physiognomy and humanities and social sciences enriched and expanded the understanding of "Wuxing Ren" in Neijing.2.The medical literature represented by Neijing constructed the subtype of "Wuxing Ren",which was inherited by later generations,while the physiognomy literature constructed the concurrent type of "Wuxing Ren",which was continuously developed and improved by later generations.3.By combing and analyzing the ancient literature comprehensively and systematically,this study constructs the identification system and key points of the physical and mental characteristics of the "Wuxing Ren",which can provide important reference for standardizing the identification of "Wuxing Constitution" in today's clinic and further research and wide application in the future.4.Based on the description of ancient literature,"Wuxing Constitution" is mainly used to predict the incidence tendency,guide treatment,identify physical characteristics and infer longevity."Wuxing Constitution" has been inherited and applied to some extent in disease prevention and treatment,but the potential advantages of "Wuxing Constitution" in today's clinical and "disease prevention" fields need to be further explored and applied.