A Study Of The Characteristic Verbs Of Puyang Dialect In Zheng Kaipian, The Mandarin Of The Central Plains

This paper regards featured verbs in Puyang dialect(a division of Zhengkai dialect of Zhongyuan Mandarin)as the research object.By using the method of dialectology,454 Puyang verbs are recorded,their structural forms,grammatical functions and meanings are described through comparing with mandarin verbs.Through kinds of comparisons,78 Puyang featured verbs and 21sociolinguistic survey verbs are extracted.By using the method of sociolinguistics,four communities are chosen within the eastern and western part of Hualong district,two of which are rural communities,the other two are town communities.The study aims to survey the present using situation of featured verbs,summarize the awareness rates,usage rates and language attitude in different groups,analyze the subjective and objective factors affecting its usage,and predict its development trend.In order to further the analysis of the present usage situation and social differences of featured verbs,the research select two schools which include elementary school teachers and high school students as special contrast survey objects.From the perspective of word formations,there are many differences in the syllable,morphemes and affixes between Puyang verbs and mandarin words.(1)syllable's differences:Puyang monosyllable verbs are corresponding to mandarin disyllable verbs;Puyang disyllable verbs are corresponding to mandarin monosyllable verbs.(2)morphemes'differences:there are three types--totally different,partially different,exactly the same but different in order.(3)affixes' differences:Puyang dialect has many special verbs' affixes,for example,prefix"ri-"and "ge-",suffix "-leng"and "-chi" and so on.From the perspective of meanings,there are many differences in stylistic meanings,such as stylistic flavor differences and style color differences.From the perspective of grammatical functions,Puyang dialect and mandarin have many multi-category words.The survey shows a significant difference between high awareness rate and low usage rate of Puyang featured verbs.In terms of gender,female subjects'awareness rate and usage rate are lower than males'.In terms of age,the elderly group and the middle-aged group's awareness rates and usage rates are higher than the young group's.In terms of occupation,farmers' awareness rate and usage rate are the highest,followed by people engaging in trade and service and the workers',teachers and students'are the lowest.In terms of educational level,the low educational level group has a higher awareness rate and usage rate than the other two groups.In terms of birthplace,people born in rural areas a higher awareness rate and usage rate than urban ones'.In terms of language attitude,the majority of subjects are positive in affective commitment,but negative in behavior tendency and actual language performance.The usage of Puyang featured verbs is affected by the subjective and objective factors,such as psychological factors,social factors and so on.Subjective factors include subjects' positive attitude towards featured verbs,the thought of some coarse featured verbs,mandarin and Puyang dialect's equal importance,more hope on offsprings' mastering mandarin and so on.The popularization of mandarin,migration,school education,modern media are the objective factors affecting featured verbs.According to the conclusion and factor analysis,prediction can be made as follows:Puyang featured verbs will be retained and used in daily communication for a long time.However,with the further popularization of mandarin,Puyang dialect especially some featured verbs containing coarse features will gradually decline.