The Spatiotemporal Pattern And Cultural Interpretation Of Cultural Relics Protection Units In The North-south Transition Zone In China

Cultural heritage is an important symbol of the historical and cultural achievements of a country.Immovable cultural relics are an important part of cultural heritage,bearing the cultural connotation of ancestors in economic activities,religious belief,social system and other aspects.The system of cultural relics under protection was implemented in 1956,which is the most important immovable cultural relics protection system in China.As of the first half of 2019,the state council has published seven lists of state key cultural relics under protection,and provincial governments have also published different lists of provincial cultural relics under protection.Because of its unique natural geographical conditions,China's North-South Transition Zone gave birth to the ancient civilization,which is the main stage for the germination,formation and highly development of the Chinese nation's history and culture.This article mainly used the data of national and provincial culture relic protection site in China's North-South Transition Zone,using the nearest neighbor method,the kernel density method and location methods of remote degree,the distribution of spatial pattern and explore the evolution of time and space,and analyze the nature and human geography factor influence on the distribution of the cultural relics protection units,geographical elements of culture of China's North-South Transition Zone is analyzed the influence of the formation and development.The main conclusions of this paper are as follows:(1)Through the analysis found that the overall distribution characteristics of cultural relics protection unit,the North-South Transition Zone of China's cultural relics protection units,a total of 1686,mainly distributed in Henan,Nanyang basin,northwest region of Hubei Province,the Wei river plain and the Sichuan basin and other regions,over time,the distribution of cultural relics protection units showed a trend of migration from north to south,but the Wei river plain and in region has always been the cultural relics protection units distribution centers;From the type,the largest number of ancient buildings,the least for the type of "other" cultural relics protection units;In terms of the remoteness of the distribution,war,politics,religion and population are the main factors affecting the remoteness of the distribution of cultural heritage sites.From the direction of center migration,the population mainly moved from north to south,and religious culture generally moved from northeast to southwest.(2)Analyze the influencing factors of the distribution of cultural relics under protection.From the perspective of geomorphologic types,cultural relics under protection are mainly distributed in plain and mountainous areas with medium and low elevations.In terms of elevation,the range of human activities tends to move from low altitude to high altitude,but the middle and low altitude areas are always the main areas of human activities.From the perspective of slope,the distribution of cultural relics under protection shows a trend of migration from micro-slope area to steep slope area,but micro-slope and slope area are still the main distribution areas of cultural relics under protection.From the perspective of the relationship between cultural relics protected sites and population,from the western Han dynasty to the Qing dynasty,the scope of the coordination area between population development and the construction of cultural relics protected sites showed a trend of expansion,which was basically concentrated in the Wei river basin and the Yangtze river basin.The population development ahead of the construction of cultural relics sites shows an expanding trend,which is basically concentrated in the central Henan area and the Chengdu plain area.Population development lags behind the construction of cultural relic sites in a decreasing trend,which is basically concentrated in the Han river basin.(3)Based on the analysis throughout history of cultural relics protection unit as the carrier of the mode of production and social economic background,and then select the remains of Buddhist and Neolithic cultural sites respectively through case analysis,to study since the North-South Transition Zone of the characters of material culture,spiritual culture and cultural formation and changes of landscape.From the perspective of economic activities,the emphasis of the rulers on agriculture,the introduction of new crops and the improvement of agricultural tools made agriculture develop steadily.In terms of handicraft industry,bronze smelting technology was developed in Shang dynasty,salt making,iron smelting and wine making technology in Han dynasty,porcelain manufacturing industry in song dynasty,salt making,textile,porcelain and other handicraft industries developed rapidly in Ming and Qing dynasties.From the perspective of religious belief,people have changed from the worship of natural gods to the worship of religion.The religious belief is mainly Buddhism.Buddhist sites are distributed in the central Henan region and the Chengdu plain,forming two core areas.For the distribution of Neolithic archaeological culture,there are 14 kinds of Neolithic archaeological cultures in the study area.The number of sites of northern culture is more than that of southern culture,and the influence of Yangshao culture is the greatest.The spreading direction of culture is mainly from north to south.The main areas of cultural exchange between north and south include the Minjiang River basin and Nanyang basin.