How To Save A One-dimensional Person

As the most famous radical philosopher of the Frankfurt School,Herbert Marcuse defined contemporary industrial society as a new type of totalitarian society because it succeeded in suppressing the opposition and opposition in society and suppressing people's innermost Negative,critical,and transcendent dimensions.Society is a onedimensional society,and the people who live in it also become one-dimensional people."One-way person" refers to a person who has lost the ability to deny,criticize,and transcend.Such a person is no longer capable of pursuing,or even capable of imagining another life different from real life.In Marcuse's "One-Dimensional Man",he explained a lot of the existing mode of coexistence between people and society and the one-dimensional operation mechanism,and expressed his unique view on solving the dilemma of such people.Marcuse's thought is a fusion of Marx's historical materialism,Freud's instinct theory,Hegel's debate method,and the Frankfurt School's social critical thinking.Taking "One-Dimensional Man" as the core subject,it traces back to the early ideological works "Revolution and Reason","Eros and Civilization",and the later and later "Aesthetic Dimensions".It is intended to make Marcuse's theory of aesthetic revolution.Relatively objective display and evaluation.From the perspective of historical materialism,the era background of Marcuse's revolutionary theory is explained.The exploitation of the working class by the bourgeoisie in developed capitalist countries is being carried out in a more civilized and covert manner,improving the working and living conditions of workers,raising the scientific and cultural level and social status of the working class,and trying to cover up bourgeois exploitation and slavery.The essence of class.Tracing back to traditional Marxist revolutionary theories,revealing the widening of the gap between culture and economy in the late capitalist society and the weakening of the overall class consciousness prove that rethinking the revolutionary approach is a historical requirement.A one-dimensional society has its own production mechanism,covering material production,ideas,and human reproduction.By focusing on the technical rationality,popular culture,and ideology that caused alienation of human real life,Marcuse transformed the object of criticism from Marx's criticism of the political and economic fields into consciousness,thought,and Critique in the cultural field.In a modern society centered on production,the control and manipulation of people has penetrated into the field of individual consciousness and even unconsciousness.In order for human nature to get rid of the repression and restraint of technological rationality in modern society,the revolution must awaken class consciousness as a whole.The awakening of the selfconsciousness of the proletariat requires a two-way return of rationality.This is a kind of ability to build a society with a general vision,which can subdue the real society.In Marcuse's view,reason is the inherent basis of the revolution.Driven by one-sided empirical emphasis on empirical facts,the rationality of the developed industrial society is degraded into the sense of right and wrong.As a purely subjective field of thinking,it does not have the ability to construct objective reality.Through the twoway rationality,people can be guided to comprehensively and objectively review their own and social history,independently transform their lives,develop their potentials of themselves and society,and implement changed practical activities in real life.Marcuse's aesthetic revolution served the return of rationality and was an important manifestation of the general revolution.General revolutions include not only revolutions that seize power,economic revolutions,but also revolutions in the sense of cultural ideology.Revolutions in the structure of human psychology and instincts are important ways to return to reason.Therefore,the release of the aesthetic dimension within the revolutionary subject is the only way for the overall and intrinsic negativity of human beings in Marcuse's vision.Marcuse points out that the aesthetic revolution is "the liberation of sensations",and this "liberation of sensations" means that sensations become "practical" in the process of social reconstruction,meaning that they are in people-to-people,people-to-things,The creation of a new socialist relationship between man and nature has also become the source of new socialist rationality.Marcuse 's theory of aesthetic revolution inherited the critical spirit of Marx 's historical materialism from the perspective of historical materialism,deepened his understanding of the development of capitalism,but also had certain limitations and misunderstood Marx's “proletarian revolution theory” "Without seeing the development of modern science and technology,the essential contradictions in the development of capitalism will exist for a long time,and because of the operational difficulty of aesthetic revolution,Marcuse's revolutionary theory has a romantic pessimistic tendency.The difficulty of the aesthetic revolution cannot hinder our need for it.Therefore,we must break the one-dimensional shackles and obtain the transcendence of reality from the inside to the outside.After all,we cannot bypass the road of aesthetic revolution with both sensibility and rationality.