Analysis Of Music Composition Techniques In Planck's Opera "The Voice"

LA VOIX HUMAINE is a one-act monodrama written by the French dramatist Cocteau in 1930.It was composed into an opera by French composer Poulenc in 1958.Marked by six telephone rings,the structure of the play is divided into three parts.The musical structure,based on its tonal arrangement,has the characteristics of sonata form.Based on the material arrangement,it has obvious characteristics of a rondo.Based on the development of the plot,it is divided into three relatively independent and interrelated parts.The musical materials refer much to the dramatic plots,while the relationship between the musical structure and the dramatic structure is a certain connection at the same time there is free space.The pitch of the work is characterized by pan tonality,close to the edge of tonal disintegration,while some paragraphs still have tonal traces.The core material of the melody is "a semitone plus a larger interval",which is expressed as(0,1,x),where x={3,4,5,6}.Longitudinal harmony is dominated by complex high-stacked column chords,most of which are seventh or ninth chords.The most characteristic rhythmic pattern in the instrumental part of the work is double dot note(pre and post).Pitch,rhythm and other musical elements together constitute the musical material.The lyrics of the work have the following characteristics.In terms of pronunciation,the syllables are clear and the stress is at the back.In terms of sentence structure,there are more short sentences and less long sentences.In terms of tone,interrogative,imperative and exclamatory sentences account for a large proport ion.Vocal melodies have a wide range of notes.The pitch is mostly homophone repetition,progression and third and fourth intervals,with few large jumps.The ends of a phrases are usually upward.Rhythm is scattered and disordered,with mostly free beats,many short notes and a large number of special evenly divided rhythmic patterns(such as triplet in duple meter).In terms of orchestration,the composer tries to create a fuller band with a leaner crew.The coordination between vocal music and instrumental music includes:onlv instrumental music and only vocal music,instrumental music and vocal music interwoven with each other,instrumental music supporting vocal music,instrumental music and vocal music forming counterpoint.There is a close relationship between the dramatic mood and its musical expression.There is a lot of expression terminologies in this work.These expressions can be divided into three categories:static adverbs,dynamic adverbs and emotional adjectives.The dynamic layout of the work has the following characteristics.First,whether in vocal part or instrumental part,the dynamics fluctuate greatly,and often appear sudden and large changes.Second,the dynamic relationship between the instrumental part and the vocal part is not only the accompanying relationship(vocal part is louder than the instrumental part),but often appears the instrumental part is louder than the vocal part.Third,the dynamic climax of the instrumental part and the dynamic climax of the vocal part are not at the same time.The dynamic climax of the instrumental part is located near the golden section point,and the dynamic climax of the vocal part is located at the end.