A Study Of Wisdom Types Based On Wisdom Evaluation

Psychological researchers began to pay attention to wisdom in the 1960 s.At present,the study of wisdom psychology has made important progress in the definition,type and measurement of wisdom.Due to the complexity of the concept of wisdom itself,the definition and classification of wisdom have not reached a consensus.Wisdom evaluation,as a direction of intelligence research,has not received enough attention.Based on the theory of integration of virtue and intelligence,this paper,from the perspective of wisdom evaluation,explores the public's understanding of the two types of wisdom,namely human wisdom and natural wisdom,in order to provide new ideas for the study of wisdom psychology.Three studies were included:Study 1,consisting of Study 1a and Study 1b,aims to explore the public's understanding of wisdom and the ways in which it is classified in the public's mind.Study 1a collected wisdom events in the minds of the public by issuing open-ended questionnaires and Likert 7 comment subscale,to understand the public's understanding of wisdom and to collect experimental materials for subsequent research.In Study 1b,classification paradigm was used to explore the types of wisdom in the minds of the public by presenting pairs of wisdom events through E-prime program.The results showed that the public associates talent with wisdom,and is more likely to see talent as the main characteristic of wisdom;The public divided wisdom into two types: human wisdom and natural wisdom;Compared with human wisdom,the public was more inclined to regard natural wisdom as wisdom.Study 2,we combined the mouse tracking technique with the compatible task and the incompatible task to further explore the public perception of the type of wisdom.The compatible task required the subjects to decide whether the presented wisdom event belonged to the category of human or natural wisdom,and the incompatible task required the subjects to decide whether the presented wisdom event belonged to the category of human or natural wisdom.The results showed that the response time of the compatible task was smaller than that of the incompatible task,and the mouse trajectory of the compatible task was significantly different from that of the incompatible task,which further proved that the wisdom in the public mind could be divided into human wisdom and natural wisdom.Study 3 based on the theory of the integration of virtue and intelligence,selected two dimensions,namely “virtue” and “intelligence”,to explore whether there was a conformity effect in wisdom evaluation.There are three sub-studies: study 3a used the paradigm of “initial evaluation-conformity induction-delayed reevaluation” to explore whether there was a conformity effect in the “virtue” evaluation of human wisdom and natural wisdom.Study 3b used the paradigm of “initial evaluation-conformity induction-delayed reevaluation” to explore whether there was a conformity effect in the evaluation of intelligence of human wisdom and natural wisdom.In this study,Likert 7 rating subscale was used to compare the degree of uncertainty of participants when they evaluated the “virtue” and “intelligence” of wisdom events.The results showed that the score of wisdom events in virtue and talent dimension was affected by the false group evaluation,there was herd effect in the process of wisdom evaluation;In the evaluation of virtue dimension,the initial evaluation of human wisdom was significantly higher than that of natural wisdom,while in the evaluation of talent dimension,the initial evaluation of human wisdom was significantly lower than that of natural wisdom;When evaluating human wisdom and natural wisdom,the difference of uncertainty degree mainly comed from talent evaluation.From what has been discussed above,these studys drawed the following conclusions:(1)wisdom can be divided into two types: human wisdom and natural wisdom;(2)the public tended to regard talent as the main characteristic of wisdom,and thought that wisdom can be better reflected by natural wisdom;(3)there was conformity effect in wisdom evaluation,and the participants were more likely to conform to the talent dimension;(4)human wisdom is more closely related to virtue,while natural wisdom is more closely related to ability.The above studies have further deepened the public's understanding of wisdom and verified the classification of human wisdom and natural wisdom in the theory of integration of virtue and intelligence.It provides some enlightenment for us,that is,in the wisdom education,we should change the status quo of attaching importance to ability rather than morality,spread the correct wisdom concept,realize the education situation of paying equal attention to the cultivation of ability and morality,and urge students to use their own knowledge and ability to benefit others and the society.